The Task
The diagram below shows how bread is made, from wheat in the field to packaged loaves.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.
Write at least 150 words.
1How many stages? Name them.
The diagram has 8 stages. It is a man-made process shown as a linear sequence – from harvesting wheat in the field to packing sliced loaves of bread.
Phase 1 – From wheat to dough (Stages 1–4)
- 1Harvesting wheatWheat is harvested.
- 2MillingThe grain is ground into flour.
- 3MixingFlour is mixed with water, yeast and salt.
- 4Kneading*The dough is kneaded for 10 minutes.
Phase 2 – From dough to bread (Stages 5–8)
- 5Proving**The dough is left to rise for one hour.
- 6ShapingThe dough is shaped and put into tins.
- 7BakingThe bread is baked at 220°C for 30 minutes.
- 8Cooling and packingThe bread is cooled, sliced and packed.
3Sentence Formulas
The structure behind each Band 6.5 sentence. Change the band on the left to see another level.
| Stage | Band 4.5 formula |
|---|---|
| 1 Harvesting wheat | First + N + is + V3 + in the + N |
| 2 Milling | Next + the + N + is + V3 + into + N + at a + N |
| 3 Mixing | Then + the + N + is + V3 + with + N, N and N + to + make + N |
| 4 Kneading* | After that + the + N + is + V3 and V3 + for + time |
| 5 Proving** | In the second part + the + N + is + V3 + in a + adj + N + for + time, and + it + gets + adj-er |
| 6 Shaping | Next + the + N + is + V3 + into + N, and + the + N + are + V3 + into + N |
| 7 Baking | Then + the + N + is + V3 + in an + N + at + temperature + for + time |
| 8 Cooling and packing | Finally + the + N + is + V3, V3 + into + N + and + V3 + into + N |
| Stage | Band 5.5 formula |
|---|---|
| 1 Harvesting wheat | To begin with + N + is + V3 + in the + N |
| 2 Milling | Next + the + N + is + V3 + to a + N, where + it + is + V3 + into + N |
| 3 Mixing | After that + the + N + is + V3 + with + N, N and N, and + a + N + is + V3 |
| 4 Kneading* | Next + the + N + is + V3 + for + time |
| 5 Proving** | In the second stage + the + N + is + V3 + in a + adj + N + for + time + so that + it + rises |
| 6 Shaping | After that + the + N + is + V3 and V3 + into + N |
| 7 Baking | Then + the + N + are + V3 + in an + N + at + temperature + for + time |
| 8 Cooling and packing | Finally + the + N + is + V3, and then + it + is + V3 and V3 + into + N |
| Stage | Band 6.5 formula |
|---|---|
| 1 Harvesting wheat | The process begins with + N + being + V3 + in the + N |
| 2 Milling | After this + the + N + is + V3 + into + N + at a + N |
| 3 Mixing | Following this + the + N + is + V3 + with + N, N and N + to form + a + N |
| 4 Kneading* | S + is then + V3 + for + time |
| 5 Proving** | Turning to the second phase + the + N + is + V3 + to + V + in a + adj + N + for + time |
| 6 Shaping | Next + the + N + is + V3 + into + N + and + V3 + in + N |
| 7 Baking | After this + the + N + are + V3 + in an + N + at + temperature + for + time |
| 8 Cooling and packing | In the final stage + the + N + is + V3, V3 and V3 + into + N |
| Stage | Band 7.5 formula |
|---|---|
| 1 Harvesting wheat | The process commences with + the + N-ing + of + N + in the + N |
| 2 Milling | S + is then + V3 + into + N |
| 3 Mixing | Next + the + N + is + V3 + with + N, N and N, resulting in + a + N |
| 4 Kneading* | This + N + is subsequently + V3 + for approximately + time |
| 5 Proving** | Turning to the second phase + the + N + is + V3 + to + V + in a + adj + N + for + time, during which + it + increases in size |
| 6 Shaping | Once + V3 + the + N + is + V3 + into + N, which + are then + V3 + in + adj + N |
| 7 Baking | S + are then + V3 + at + temperature + for half an hour |
| 8 Cooling and packing | Finally + the + N + is + V3 + to + V + before being + V3 and V3 |
4Linkers – Sequencing Words & Transitions
Use a different linker for each stage – never “Then … Then … Then”. These are the linkers for Band 6.5.
Beginning
- First
Next step
- Next
- Then
- After that
Ending
- Finally
Joining
- … and + V3 (are taken out and put …)
- to + V (to make)
Beginning
- To begin with
- First of all
Next step
- After that / After this
- Next
- Then
Change of place / phase
- In the second stage, …
- In the factory, …
Ending
- Finally
Joining
- …, and then …
- … called + N
Beginning
- The process begins when …
- The process begins with + N
Next step
- Following this
- Subsequently
- Next
Time clauses
- Once + adj (Once dry, …)
- After + N (After fermentation, …)
Inside a stage
- …, where + clause
- …, which + verb
- … known as + N
- …, a stage which lasts …
Change of phase
- Turning to the … stage, …
Ending
- In the final stage
Beginning
- The process commences with + the + N of + N
Time
- Once + V3 (Once extracted, …)
- Following + N (Following roasting, …)
Next step
- Subsequently
- To complete the … phase, …
Result phrases
- …, leaving only + N
- …, producing + N
- …, resulting in + N
Naming
- … referred to as + N
- … ranging from X to Y
Ending
- In the final stage
- … culminating in + N
5Translation Practice – Vietnamese → English
Translate each sentence into English. The word in ( ) is the key word you must use. Check the Tense note, write your answer, then press Show answer.
Band 4.5 – 8 sentences
Đầu tiên, lúa mì được cắt (is cut) ngoài đồng.
Tiếp theo, hạt lúa mì được làm (is made) thành bột ở nhà máy xay.
Sau đó, bột được trộn (is mixed) với nước, men và muối để làm thành bột nhào.
Sau đó, bột nhào được ấn và gấp (folded) trong 10 phút.
Ở phần thứ hai, bột nhào được để (is left) ở nơi ấm trong một giờ, và nó nở to hơn.
Tiếp theo, bột nhào được làm thành các ổ, và các ổ bánh được cho (are put) vào khuôn.
Sau đó, bánh mì được nướng (is baked) trong lò ở 220°C trong 30 phút.
Cuối cùng, bánh mì được làm nguội, cắt lát và cho (put) vào túi.
Band 5.5 – 8 sentences
Trước tiên, lúa mì được thu hoạch (is harvested) ngoài đồng.
Tiếp theo, hạt được đưa đến nhà máy xay, nơi nó được xay (is ground) thành bột.
Sau đó, bột được trộn với nước, men và muối, và một khối bột nhào được tạo ra (is made).
Tiếp theo, bột nhào được nhồi (is kneaded) trong 10 phút.
Ở giai đoạn thứ hai, bột nhào được để ở nơi ấm trong một giờ để (so that) nó nở lên.
Sau đó, bột nhào được tạo hình (is shaped) và cho vào khuôn.
Sau đó, các ổ bánh được nướng trong lò (oven) ở 220°C trong 30 phút.
Cuối cùng, bánh mì được làm nguội, sau đó được cắt lát (sliced) và đóng vào túi.
Band 6.5 – 8 sentences
Quy trình bắt đầu với việc lúa mì được thu hoạch (being harvested) ngoài đồng.
Sau đó, hạt được xay thành bột (ground into flour) ở nhà máy xay.
Tiếp sau đó, bột được kết hợp (combined) với nước, men và muối để tạo thành bột nhào.
Bột nhào sau đó được nhồi trong mười phút (ten minutes).
Chuyển sang giai đoạn thứ hai, bột nhào được để cho nở (left to rise) ở nơi ấm trong một giờ.
Tiếp theo, bột nhào được tạo hình thành ổ (loaves) và đặt vào khuôn.
Sau bước này, các ổ bánh được nướng trong lò ở 220°C trong 30 phút (30 minutes).
Ở giai đoạn cuối, bánh mì được làm nguội, cắt lát và đóng gói (packed) vào túi.
Band 7.5 – 8 sentences
Quy trình bắt đầu với việc thu hoạch (the harvesting of) lúa mì ngoài đồng.
Hạt sau đó được xay (milled) thành bột.
Tiếp theo, bột được kết hợp với nước, men và muối, tạo ra (resulting in) một khối bột nhào.
Khối bột nhào này sau đó được nhồi trong khoảng (approximately) mười phút.
Chuyển sang giai đoạn thứ hai, bột nhào được để ủ trong môi trường ấm một giờ, trong thời gian đó (during which) nó tăng kích thước.
Một khi đã nở (Once risen), bột nhào được tạo hình thành ổ, sau đó được đặt vào khuôn nướng.
Các ổ bánh sau đó được nướng ở 220°C trong nửa giờ (half an hour).
Cuối cùng, bánh mì được để nguội trước khi được (before being) cắt lát và đóng gói.
6Linker Practice
Part A: drag (or tap) the linkers into the gaps. Part B: translate using the linker in ( ).
Part A – Band 4.5 linkers (8 sentences)
Computer: drag a linker into a gap. Phone: tap a linker, then tap a gap. Tap a filled gap to empty it.
- , wheat is cut in the field.
- The grain is made flour at a mill.
- The flour is mixed with water, yeast and salt make dough.
- The dough is pressed and folded 10 minutes.
- the second part, the dough is left in a warm place.
- The dough gets .
- The bread is baked an oven.
- , the bread is put into bags.
Part B – Translate with Band 4.5 linkers (5 sentences)
Use the linker in ( ) and follow the Tense note.
Đầu tiên (First), lúa mì được cắt ngoài đồng.
Tiếp theo (Next), hạt được làm thành bột.
Sau đó (Then), bột được trộn với nước.
Sau đó (After that), bột nhào được nhồi.
Cuối cùng (Finally), bánh mì được cho vào túi.
Part A – Band 5.5 linkers (8 sentences)
Computer: drag a linker into a gap. Phone: tap a linker, then tap a gap. Tap a filled gap to empty it.
- , wheat is harvested.
- The grain is taken to a mill, it is ground.
- The flour is mixed water, yeast and salt.
- The dough is for 10 minutes.
- The dough is left in a warm place so it rises.
- The dough is shaped put into tins.
- The loaves are baked an oven.
- , the bread is sliced and packed.
Part B – Translate with Band 5.5 linkers (5 sentences)
Use the linker in ( ) and follow the Tense note.
Trước tiên (To begin with), lúa mì được thu hoạch.
Hạt được đưa đến nhà máy, nơi (where) nó được xay.
Bột nhào được để ở nơi ấm để (so that) nó nở lên.
Ở giai đoạn thứ hai (In the second stage), bột được để nở.
Bánh mì được làm nguội, sau đó (and then) được cắt lát.
Part A – Band 6.5 linkers (8 sentences)
Computer: drag a linker into a gap. Phone: tap a linker, then tap a gap. Tap a filled gap to empty it.
- The process begins wheat being harvested.
- The grain is ground flour at a mill.
- The flour is combined with water, yeast and salt form a dough.
- The dough is then for ten minutes.
- the second phase, the dough is left to rise.
- The dough is shaped into and placed in tins.
- this, the loaves are baked in an oven.
- , the bread is cooled, sliced and packed.
Part B – Translate with Band 6.5 linkers (5 sentences)
Use the linker in ( ) and follow the Tense note.
Quy trình bắt đầu với việc (begins with) lúa mì được thu hoạch.
Bột được kết hợp với nước để tạo thành (to form) bột nhào.
Chuyển sang (Turning to) giai đoạn thứ hai, bột nhào được để nở.
Bột nhào được tạo hình thành ổ và (and) đặt vào khuôn.
Ở giai đoạn cuối (In the final stage), bánh mì được đóng gói.
Part A – Band 7.5 linkers (8 sentences)
Computer: drag a linker into a gap. Phone: tap a linker, then tap a gap. Tap a filled gap to empty it.
- The process commences with the of wheat.
- The grain is then into flour.
- The flour is combined with water, yeast and salt, in a dough.
- The dough is kneaded for ten minutes.
- The dough is left to in a warm environment.
- It is left to prove, which it increases in size.
- risen, the dough is shaped into loaves.
- The bread is left to cool before sliced.
Part B – Translate with Band 7.5 linkers (5 sentences)
Use the linker in ( ) and follow the Tense note.
Quy trình bắt đầu với việc thu hoạch (the harvesting of) lúa mì.
Bột được kết hợp với nước, tạo ra (resulting in) bột nhào.
Bột nhào được để ủ, trong thời gian đó (during which) nó nở to.
Một khi đã nở (Once risen), bột nhào được tạo hình.
Bánh mì được để nguội trước khi được (before being) cắt lát.
7Introduction – Paraphrasing the Task
Paraphrase the task sentence. The column of your band is highlighted.
| Task words | Band 4.5 | Band 5.5 | Band 6.5 | Band 7.5 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| The diagram below shows | The diagram shows | The diagram illustrates | The diagram illustrates | The given diagram depicts |
| how bread is made | how bread is produced | the process of making bread | the various stages in the production of bread | the sequence of stages involved in producing bread |
| from wheat in the field | from wheat | from wheat | from the harvesting of wheat | from the harvesting of the raw grain |
| to packaged loaves | to bags of bread | to packaged loaves | to the packing of sliced loaves | to the packaging of the finished loaves |
The diagram shows how bread is produced, from wheat to bags of bread.
Band 4.5: changes “made” to “produced” and keeps a simple “from … to …”.
The diagram illustrates the process of making bread, from wheat to packaged loaves.
Band 5.5: a common reporting verb (illustrates) and a noun phrase (the process of making).
The diagram illustrates the various stages in the production of bread, from the harvesting of wheat to the packing of sliced loaves.
Band 6.5: nominalisation (the production of, the harvesting of, the packing of) gives an accurate, academic paraphrase.
The given diagram depicts the sequence of stages involved in producing bread, from the harvesting of the raw grain to the packaging of the finished loaves.
Band 7.5: precise verb (depicts), a complex noun phrase and accurate collocations (the raw grain, the finished loaves).
The diagram shows / illustrates / depicts how bread is produced / the production of bread, from the harvesting of wheat to the packing of sliced loaves.
8Overview
An overview gives the number of stages and the start and end; higher bands add the two main phases in more precise language. No details (no “10 minutes”, “one hour”, “220°C” or “30 minutes”).
Band 4.5 formula
Overall, there are eight steps in this process. It starts with cutting wheat in the field and finishes with putting bread into bags.
Why Band 4.5: Two short simple sentences, basic words (steps, starts, finishes), no phases.
Band 5.5 formula
Overall, there are eight stages in the process. In the first four stages, wheat is changed into flour and then into dough, and in the last four stages, the dough is turned into bread. The process ends with sliced bread in bags.
Why Band 5.5: Names the two parts in simple words; begins with … ends with …; no numbers or details.
Band 6.5 formula
Overall, the process consists of eight stages, which can be divided into two main phases: turning wheat into dough and turning dough into bread. The raw material changes from wheat to flour, then to dough and finally to bread.
Why Band 6.5: A which-clause divides the stages into two phases; nominal phrases (the harvesting of, the production of).
Band 7.5 formula
Overall, bread production involves eight distinct stages, which fall into two main phases – the conversion of wheat into dough and the transformation of that dough into bread – with the raw material changing from grain to flour, dough and ultimately sliced loaves.
Why Band 7.5: comprises · distinct · fall into · dashes for the phases · commencing with … culminating in … in ONE sentence.
9Writing Practice
Essay plan: Introduction → Overview → Body 1: Stages 1–4 (From wheat to dough) → Body 2: Stages 5–8 (From dough to bread). Your writing is saved on this device.
Exercise 1 – Match the paraphrase
Choose the best synonym for each word from the task.
- shows →
- made →
- cut →
- mixed →
- packed →
Exercise 2 – Choose the best Overview
Which sentence is a good overview?
Exercise 3 – Complete Body 1 (Band 4.5)
Type ONE word in each gap. Look at the diagram for the details.
First, wheat is in the field. Next, the grain is made into at a mill. Then, the flour is with water, yeast and salt to make dough. After that, the dough is pressed and folded for 10 .
Exercise 4 – Put Body 2 in order (Band 4.5)
Choose 1–5 for each sentence.
Exercise 3 – Complete Body 1 (Band 5.5)
Type ONE word in each gap. Look at the diagram for the details.
To begin with, wheat is in the field. Next, the grain is taken to a mill, it is ground into flour. After that, the flour is mixed with water, yeast and salt, and a is made. Next, the dough is for 10 minutes.
Exercise 4 – Put Body 2 in order (Band 5.5)
Choose 1–4 for each sentence.
Exercise 3 – Complete Body 1 (Band 6.5)
Type ONE word in each gap. Look at the diagram for the details.
The process begins with wheat being in the field. After this, the grain is into flour at a mill. Following this, the flour is with water, yeast and salt to form a dough. The dough is then for ten minutes.
Exercise 4 – Put Body 2 in order (Band 6.5)
Choose 1–4 for each sentence.
Exercise 3 – Complete Body 1 (Band 7.5)
Type ONE word in each gap. Look at the diagram for the details.
The process commences with the of wheat in the field. The grain is then into flour. Next, the flour is combined with water, yeast and salt, in a dough. This dough is subsequently kneaded for ten minutes.
Exercise 4 – Put Body 2 in order (Band 7.5)
Choose 1–4 for each sentence.
Write your essay – paragraph by paragraph
Use the Band 6.5 formulas, linkers and samples from Steps 3–8. Check the Band Standard on the left before you write.
Exercise 5 – Introduction
One sentence. Paraphrase the task (Step 7).
Words: 0 (about 20–30 words)
Exercise 6 – Overview
Use the formula for your band (Step 8).
Words: 0 (about 25–45 words)
Exercise 7 – Body 1 (Stages 1–4)
Write the stages in order with a different linker for each.
Words: 0 (about 55–75 words)
Exercise 8 – Body 2 (Stages 5–8)
Start with a phase change (In the factory / Turning to …).
Words: 0 (about 50–70 words)
Exercise 9 – Your full essay
Press “Collect my paragraphs”, then edit them into one essay and compare with the model.
Words: 0 (minimum 150)
Model Answer 6.5
Write your own essay first, then compare. Highlighted = key collocations to learn.