Chocolate Production – STUDENT'S EDITION

The Task

The diagram below shows the stages in the production of chocolate, from harvesting cocoa pods to making liquid chocolate.

Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.

Write at least 150 words.

← swipe to see the whole diagram →

How to use this lesson: choose a band in the Band Standard bar (left; on a phone, at the top). Every step then shows sentences, exercises and the model for that band. Start at your current band, then try the next one up.

1How many stages? Name them.

The diagram has 8 stages. It is a man-made process shown as a linear sequence – from harvesting cocoa pods on a farm to producing liquid chocolate in a factory.

Phase 1 – On the cocoa farm (Stages 1–4)

1
Harvesting cocoa podsRipe cocoa pods are cut from cocoa trees.
2
Fermenting the beansThe beans are taken out of the pods and left to ferment in wooden boxes.
3
Drying in the sunThe beans are spread out and dried in the sun.
4
Packing and transportThe dry beans are packed into sacks and taken to a factory.

Phase 2 – In the chocolate factory (Stages 5–8)

5
RoastingThe beans are roasted in an oven at 120–150°C.
6
Removing the shellsA machine cracks the beans and removes the shells, leaving cocoa nibs.
7
GrindingThe nibs are ground into a thick paste called cocoa liquor.
8
MixingThe paste is mixed with sugar and milk to make liquid chocolate.

The diagram does not label the phases. This lesson divides the process by place: the cocoa farm (stages 1–4) and the chocolate factory (stages 5–8).

3Sentence Formulas

The structure behind each Band 6.5 sentence. Change the band on the left to see another level.

LinkerSubjectVerbObject / Place / ResultTime / Purpose

Stage	Band 4.5 formula
1 Harvesting cocoa pods	First + N + are + V3 + from + N
2 Fermenting the beans	Next + N + are + V3 + out of + N + and + V3 + in + N + for + time
3 Drying in the sun	Then + N + are + V3 + in + N + for about + time
4 Packing and transport	After that + adj + N + are + V3 + into + N + and + V3 + to + N
5 Roasting	In the + place + N + are + V3 + at + temperature
6 Removing the shells	Next + N + are + V3 + from + N
7 Grinding	After that + N + are + V3 + into + adj + N
8 Mixing	Finally + N and N + are + V3 + to + N + to + V (purpose)

Stage	Band 5.5 formula
1 Harvesting cocoa pods	To begin with + adj + N + are + V3 + from + N
2 Fermenting the beans	After that + N + are + V3 + from + N + and left to + V + in + N + for + time
3 Drying in the sun	Next + they + are + phrasal V3 + and + V3 + in + N + for about + time
4 Packing and transport	Then + the + V3 + N + are + V3 + into + N + and + V3 + to + N
5 Roasting	In the second stage + N + are + V3 + in + N + at a temperature of + number
6 Removing the shells	After this + a machine + cracks + N, and + N + are + V3
7 Grinding	Then + N + are + V3 + into + adj + adj + N + called + N
8 Mixing	Finally + N + is + V3 + with + N and N, and + N + is + V3

Stage	Band 6.5 formula
1 Harvesting cocoa pods	The process begins when + adj + N + are + precise V3 + from + N + on + place
2 Fermenting the beans	Following this + N + are + precise V3 + from + N + and left to + V + in + N, a stage which + V + time
3 Drying in the sun	After + N + N + are + V3 + out to + V + in + N + for approximately + time
4 Packing and transport	Once + adj + N + are + V3 + into + N + and + precise V3 + to + N + for + N
5 Roasting	Turning to the + N + N + are + V3 + in + adj + N + at a temperature of between X and Y
6 Removing the shells	Next + the + V3 + N + are + V3 + by + N, which + separates + N + from + N, known as + N
7 Grinding	Subsequently + N + are + V3 + into + adj + N + known as + N
8 Mixing	In the final stage + N + is + V3 + with + N and N + to produce + N

Stage	Band 7.5 formula
1 Harvesting cocoa pods	The process commences with + the + N-ing + of + adj + N + from + N + on + N
2 Fermenting the beans	Once + V3 + from + N + N + are + V3 + in + N + to V + for a period of + time
3 Drying in the sun	Subsequently + the + V3 + N + are + V3 + out to V + in + N + over the course of + time
4 Packing and transport	To complete the + N + the + V3 + N + are + precise V3 + and + V3 + to + N
5 Roasting	Turning to the + N + N + are + V3 + at temperatures ranging from X to Y
6 Removing the shells	Following + N + N + are + V3 + open + their + N + V3 (ellipsis), leaving only + N
7 Grinding	Subsequently + these + N + are + adverb + V3, producing + adj + N + referred to as + N
8 Mixing	In the final stage + this + N + is + precise V3 + with + N and N, resulting in + the finished product: N

4Linkers – Sequencing Words & Transitions

Use a different linker for each stage – never “Then … Then … Then”. These are the linkers for Band 6.5.

Beginning

First

Next step

Next
Then
After that

Ending

Finally

Joining

… and + V3 (are taken out and put …)
to + V (to make)

Beginning

To begin with
First of all

Next step

After that / After this
Next
Then

Change of place / phase

In the second stage, …
In the factory, …

Ending

Finally

Joining

…, and then …
… called + N

Beginning

The process begins when …
The process begins with + N

Next step

Following this
Subsequently
Next

Time clauses

Once + adj (Once dry, …)
After + N (After fermentation, …)

Inside a stage

…, where + clause
…, which + verb
… known as + N
…, a stage which lasts …

Change of phase

Turning to the … stage, …

Ending

In the final stage

Beginning

The process commences with + the + N of + N

Time

Once + V3 (Once extracted, …)
Following + N (Following roasting, …)

Next step

Subsequently
To complete the … phase, …

Result phrases

…, leaving only + N
…, producing + N
…, resulting in + N

Naming

… referred to as + N
… ranging from X to Y

Ending

In the final stage
… culminating in + N

5Translation Practice – Vietnamese → English

Translate each sentence into English. The word in ( ) is the key word you must use. Check the Tense note, write your answer, then press Show answer.

🔒 The answers in Step 5 are locked. Enter Password 1 from your teacher:

Band 4.5 – 8 sentences

1

Đầu tiên, quả ca cao được hái (picked) từ cây ca cao.

Hiện tại đơn bị động: are picked

2

Tiếp theo, hạt được lấy ra khỏi quả và cho vào thùng gỗ (wooden boxes) trong năm đến bảy ngày.

Hiện tại đơn bị động: are taken, (are) put

3

Sau đó, hạt được phơi khô (dried) dưới nắng khoảng một tuần.

Hiện tại đơn bị động: are dried

4

Sau đó, hạt khô được cho vào bao (sacks) và đưa đến nhà máy.

Hiện tại đơn bị động: are put, (are) taken

5

Ở nhà máy, hạt được rang (roasted) ở nhiệt độ từ 120 đến 150°C.

Hiện tại đơn bị động: are roasted

6

Tiếp theo, vỏ (shells) được bóc khỏi hạt.

Hiện tại đơn bị động: are removed

7

Sau đó, hạt được xay (ground) thành một hỗn hợp sệt.

Hiện tại đơn bị động: are ground (V3 của grind)

8

Cuối cùng, đường và sữa được thêm (added) vào hỗn hợp để làm sô-cô-la lỏng.

Hiện tại đơn bị động + to V (mục đích)

Band 5.5 – 8 sentences

1

Trước tiên, những quả ca cao chín (ripe) được cắt khỏi cây.

Hiện tại đơn bị động: are cut

2

Sau đó, hạt được tách (removed) khỏi quả và để lên men trong thùng gỗ từ năm đến bảy ngày.

Hiện tại đơn bị động: are removed, (are) left to V

3

Tiếp theo, chúng được trải ra (spread out) và phơi khô dưới nắng khoảng một tuần.

Hiện tại đơn bị động: are spread out, (are) dried

4

Sau đó, hạt đã phơi khô được đóng bao và vận chuyển (transported) đến nhà máy sô-cô-la.

Hiện tại đơn bị động: are packed, (are) transported

5

Ở giai đoạn thứ hai, hạt được rang trong lò ở nhiệt độ (temperature) từ 120 đến 150°C.

Hiện tại đơn bị động: are roasted

6

Sau bước này, máy làm vỡ (cracks) hạt và vỏ được loại bỏ.

Hiện tại đơn chủ động (cracks) + Hiện tại đơn bị động (are removed)

7

Sau đó, hạt được xay thành một hỗn hợp sệt màu nâu gọi là (called) cocoa liquor.

Hiện tại đơn bị động + called + N

8

Cuối cùng, hỗn hợp được trộn (mixed) với đường và sữa, và sô-cô-la lỏng được tạo ra.

Hiện tại đơn bị động: is mixed, is produced

Band 6.5 – 8 sentences

1

Quá trình bắt đầu khi những quả ca cao chín được thu hoạch (harvested) từ cây ca cao ở trang trại.

Hiện tại đơn bị động + mệnh đề when

2

Tiếp theo đó, hạt được lấy ra (extracted) khỏi quả và để lên men trong thùng gỗ, giai đoạn này kéo dài năm đến bảy ngày.

Hiện tại đơn bị động + cụm danh từ tóm tắt (a stage which …)

3

Sau khi lên men (fermentation), hạt được trải ra để phơi khô dưới nắng khoảng một tuần.

After + danh từ + Hiện tại đơn bị động + to V

4

Một khi đã khô, hạt được đóng bao và chuyển (shipped) đến nhà máy sô-cô-la để chế biến.

Once + tính từ (rút gọn) + Hiện tại đơn bị động

5

Chuyển sang giai đoạn ở nhà máy (factory), hạt được rang trong lò lớn ở nhiệt độ từ 120 đến 150°C.

Hiện tại đơn bị động + Turning to + N

6

Tiếp theo, hạt đã rang được máy làm vỡ, máy này tách (separates) vỏ khỏi phần nhân, được gọi là cocoa nibs.

Hiện tại đơn bị động + mệnh đề which (chủ động) + known as

7

Sau đó, nhân ca cao được xay thành một hỗn hợp sệt được biết đến là (known as) cocoa liquor.

Hiện tại đơn bị động + known as + N

8

Ở giai đoạn cuối, cocoa liquor được trộn với đường và sữa để tạo ra (produce) sô-cô-la lỏng.

Hiện tại đơn bị động + to V (mục đích)

Band 7.5 – 8 sentences

1

Quá trình bắt đầu với việc thu hoạch những quả ca cao chín từ cây ca cao tại các đồn điền (plantations).

Danh từ hoá: the harvesting of + N (không cần chia động từ)

2

Một khi được lấy ra khỏi quả, hạt được đặt vào thùng gỗ để lên men (ferment) trong khoảng năm đến bảy ngày.

Once + V3 (rút gọn bị động) + Hiện tại đơn bị động + to V

3

Sau đó, những hạt đã lên men (fermented) được bày ra phơi dưới nắng trong khoảng một tuần.

Hiện tại đơn bị động + to V; V3 làm tính từ (fermented)

4

Để hoàn tất giai đoạn ở trang trại, hạt khô được đóng bao và gửi đi (dispatched) đến nhà máy sô-cô-la.

To V (mục đích) đứng đầu câu + Hiện tại đơn bị động

5

Chuyển sang giai đoạn sản xuất, hạt được rang ở nhiệt độ dao động (ranging) từ 120 đến 150°C.

Hiện tại đơn bị động + cụm phân từ (ranging from … to …)

6

Sau khi rang, hạt được tách ra và vỏ bị loại bỏ (discarded), chỉ còn lại nhân ca cao.

Hiện tại đơn bị động + tỉnh lược (their shells [are] discarded) + V-ing chỉ kết quả

7

Sau đó, những nhân này được xay mịn (finely ground), tạo ra một hỗn hợp sệt được gọi là cocoa liquor.

Hiện tại đơn bị động + V-ing chỉ kết quả + referred to as

8

Ở giai đoạn cuối, hỗn hợp này được pha trộn (blended) với đường và sữa, tạo ra thành phẩm: sô-cô-la lỏng.

Hiện tại đơn bị động + resulting in + N (kết quả)

6Linker Practice

Part A: drag (or tap) the linkers into the gaps. Part B: translate using the linker in ( ).

Part A – Band 4.5 linkers (8 sentences)

Computer: drag a linker into a gap. Phone: tap a linker, then tap a gap. Tap a filled gap to empty it.

, cocoa pods are picked from cocoa trees.
The beans are taken out of the pods put in wooden boxes.
The beans stay in the boxes five to seven days.
, the beans are dried in the sun.
Trucks are used take the beans to a factory.
, the beans are roasted at 120 to 150°C.
, the beans are ground into a thick paste.
, sugar and milk are added to make liquid chocolate.

Part B – Translate with Band 4.5 linkers (5 sentences)

Use the linker in ( ) and follow the Tense note.

1

Đầu tiên (First), quả ca cao được hái từ cây.

Hiện tại đơn bị động

First, cocoa pods are picked from the trees.

2

Tiếp theo (Next), hạt được cho vào thùng gỗ.

Hiện tại đơn bị động

Next, the beans are put in wooden boxes.

3

Sau đó (Then), hạt được phơi khô dưới nắng.

Hiện tại đơn bị động

Then, the beans are dried in the sun.

4

Sau đó (After that), hạt được rang ở nhà máy.

Hiện tại đơn bị động

After that, the beans are roasted in a factory.

5

Cuối cùng (Finally), đường và sữa được thêm vào.

Hiện tại đơn bị động

Finally, sugar and milk are added.

Part A – Band 5.5 linkers (8 sentences)

Computer: drag a linker into a gap. Phone: tap a linker, then tap a gap. Tap a filled gap to empty it.

, ripe cocoa pods are cut from the trees.
The beans are removed from the pods and left ferment.
that, they are dried in the sun for about a week.
The dried beans are packed into sacks and transported to a factory.
the second stage, the beans are roasted in an oven.
A machine cracks the beans, the shells are removed.
The beans are ground into a thick paste cocoa liquor.
, the paste is mixed with sugar and milk.

Part B – Translate with Band 5.5 linkers (5 sentences)

Use the linker in ( ) and follow the Tense note.

1

Trước tiên (To begin with), quả ca cao chín được cắt khỏi cây.

Hiện tại đơn bị động

To begin with, ripe cocoa pods are cut from the trees.

2

Hạt được để lên men trong năm đến bảy ngày, và sau đó (then) được phơi khô.

Hiện tại đơn bị động (2 vế)

The beans are left to ferment for five to seven days, and then they are dried.

3

Ở giai đoạn thứ hai (In the second stage), hạt được rang trong lò.

Hiện tại đơn bị động

In the second stage, the beans are roasted in an oven.

4

Sau bước này (After this), vỏ hạt được loại bỏ.

Hiện tại đơn bị động

After this, the shells of the beans are removed.

5

Hạt được xay thành một hỗn hợp sệt gọi là (called) cocoa liquor.

Hiện tại đơn bị động + called + N

The beans are ground into a thick paste called cocoa liquor.

Part A – Band 6.5 linkers (8 sentences)

Computer: drag a linker into a gap. Phone: tap a linker, then tap a gap. Tap a filled gap to empty it.

The process begins ripe cocoa pods are harvested.
The beans are left in wooden boxes, they ferment for five to seven days.
fermentation, the beans are spread out to dry.
dry, the beans are packed into sacks.
the factory stage, the beans are roasted.
The beans are cracked by a machine, separates the shells.
The nibs are ground into a paste as cocoa liquor.
The liquor is mixed with sugar and milk produce liquid chocolate.

Part B – Translate with Band 6.5 linkers (5 sentences)

Use the linker in ( ) and follow the Tense note.

1

Quá trình bắt đầu khi (when) quả ca cao chín được thu hoạch.

Hiện tại đơn chủ động + mệnh đề when (bị động)

The process begins when ripe cocoa pods are harvested.

2

Hạt được để trong thùng gỗ, nơi mà (where) chúng lên men.

Hiện tại đơn bị động + mệnh đề where

The beans are left in wooden boxes, where they ferment.

3

Một khi (Once) đã khô, hạt được đóng bao.

Once + tính từ + Hiện tại đơn bị động

Once dry, the beans are packed into sacks.

4

Chuyển sang (Turning to) giai đoạn ở nhà máy, hạt được rang.

Hiện tại đơn bị động

Turning to the factory stage, the beans are roasted.

5

Hạt được máy làm vỡ, máy này (which) tách vỏ ra.

Hiện tại đơn bị động + mệnh đề which

The beans are cracked by a machine, which separates the shells.

Part A – Band 7.5 linkers (8 sentences)

Computer: drag a linker into a gap. Phone: tap a linker, then tap a gap. Tap a filled gap to empty it.

The process commences the harvesting of ripe cocoa pods.
extracted from the pods, the beans are placed in boxes to ferment.
, the fermented beans are laid out to dry in the sun.
the manufacturing phase, the beans are roasted.
The beans are roasted at temperatures from 120 to 150°C.
The shells are discarded, only the cocoa nibs behind.
The nibs are finely ground, a thick paste.
The liquor is blended with sugar and milk, in liquid chocolate.

Part B – Translate with Band 7.5 linkers (5 sentences)

Use the linker in ( ) and follow the Tense note.

1

Quá trình bắt đầu với (commences with) việc thu hoạch quả ca cao chín.

Hiện tại đơn chủ động + danh từ hoá (the harvesting of)

The process commences with the harvesting of ripe cocoa pods.

2

Một khi (Once) được lấy ra khỏi quả, hạt được để lên men.

Once + V3 (rút gọn bị động) + Hiện tại đơn bị động

Once extracted from the pods, the beans are left to ferment.

3

Vỏ bị loại bỏ, chỉ để lại (leaving) nhân ca cao.

Hiện tại đơn bị động + V-ing chỉ kết quả

The shells are discarded, leaving only the cocoa nibs.

4

Nhân được xay mịn, tạo ra (producing) một hỗn hợp sệt.

Hiện tại đơn bị động + V-ing chỉ kết quả

The nibs are finely ground, producing a thick paste.

5

Quá trình gồm tám giai đoạn, kết thúc bằng (culminating in) việc tạo ra sô-cô-la lỏng.

Hiện tại đơn chủ động + culminating in + N

The process comprises eight stages, culminating in the production of liquid chocolate.

7Introduction – Paraphrasing the Task

Paraphrase the task sentence. The column of your band is highlighted.

Task words	Band 4.5	Band 5.5	Band 6.5	Band 7.5
The diagram below shows	The diagram shows	The diagram illustrates	The diagram illustrates	The given diagram depicts
the stages in the production of chocolate	the steps to make chocolate	how chocolate is made	how chocolate is produced	the process by which chocolate is manufactured
from harvesting cocoa pods	from picking cocoa pods	from the picking of cocoa pods	starting with the harvesting of cocoa pods	from the harvesting of cocoa pods on a farm
to making liquid chocolate	to making liquid chocolate	to the production of liquid chocolate	and ending with liquid chocolate	to the creation of liquid chocolate in a factory

Tip: “cocoa pods” and “liquid chocolate” are the input and the output – keep them. Paraphrase the verbs and the structure instead (from harvesting → from the harvesting of).

Sample Introduction – Band 4.5

The diagram shows the steps to make chocolate, from picking cocoa pods to making liquid chocolate.

Band 4.5: clear but copies most of the task words; only small changes (the steps to make, picking).

Sample Introduction – Band 5.5

The diagram illustrates how chocolate is made, from the picking of cocoa pods to the production of liquid chocolate.

Band 5.5: a common reporting verb (illustrates), a simple how-clause and some paraphrasing (the picking of, the production of).

Sample Introduction – Band 6.5

The diagram illustrates how chocolate is produced, starting with the harvesting of cocoa pods and ending with liquid chocolate.

Band 6.5: a passive how-clause and a participle phrase (starting with … and ending with …) with a precise verb (harvesting).

Sample Introduction – Band 7.5

The given diagram depicts the process by which chocolate is manufactured, from the harvesting of cocoa pods on a farm to the creation of liquid chocolate in a factory.

Band 7.5: precise verb (depicts), a by-which clause, nominalisation (the harvesting of, the creation of) and accurate added detail (on a farm, in a factory).

Template for students

The diagram shows / illustrates / depicts how chocolate is made / the process by which chocolate is produced, from the picking / harvesting of cocoa pods to the production of liquid chocolate.

8Overview

An overview gives the number of stages and the start and end; higher bands add the two main phases in more precise language. No details (no “5–7 days”, “1 week”, “120–150°C”, “sugar” or “milk”).

Band 4.5 formula

Overall, there are number steps in this process. It starts with V-ing / N and finishes with V-ing / N.

Example – Band 4.5

Overall, there are eight steps in this process. It starts with picking cocoa pods and finishes with making liquid chocolate.

Why Band 4.5: Two short simple sentences, basic words (steps, starts, finishes), no phases.

Band 5.5 formula

Overall, there are number stages in the process. The first number stages happen place / phase A, and the last number happen place / phase B. The process begins with V-ing and ends with the + N of + N.

Example – Band 5.5

Overall, there are eight stages in the process. The first four stages happen on a farm, and the last four happen in a factory. The process begins with picking cocoa pods and ends with the production of liquid chocolate.

Why Band 5.5: Names the two parts in simple words; begins with … ends with …; no numbers or details.

Band 6.5 formula

Overall, there are number stages in the process, which can be divided into two main phases: A and B. The process begins with the + N of + N and ends with the + N of + N.

Example – Band 6.5

Overall, there are eight stages in the process, which can be divided into two main phases: preparing the beans on a farm and processing them in a factory. The process begins with the harvesting of cocoa pods and ends with the production of liquid chocolate.

Why Band 6.5: A which-clause divides the stages into two phases; nominal phrases (the harvesting of, the production of).

Band 7.5 formula

Overall, the process comprises number + distinct stages, which fall into two main phases – A and B – commencing with the + N of + N and culminating in the + N of + N.

Example – Band 7.5

Overall, the process comprises eight distinct stages, which fall into two main phases – bean preparation on a cocoa farm and manufacturing in a factory – commencing with the harvesting of ripe pods and culminating in the production of liquid chocolate.

Why Band 7.5: comprises · distinct · fall into · dashes for the phases · commencing with … culminating in … in ONE sentence.

9Writing Practice

Essay plan: Introduction → Overview → Body 1: Stages 1–4 (On the cocoa farm) → Body 2: Stages 5–8 (In the chocolate factory). Your writing is saved on this device.

Exercise 1 – Match the paraphrase

Choose the best synonym for each word from the task.

shows →
the production of →
harvesting →
making →
below →

Exercise 2 – Choose the best Overview

Which sentence is a good overview?

A. Overall, the beans ferment for five to seven days and are roasted at 120 to 150°C.B. Overall, there are eight stages in two phases, from the harvesting of cocoa pods on a farm to the production of liquid chocolate in a factory.C. Overall, chocolate is a delicious food that people all over the world enjoy.

Why? A gives numbers – these belong in the Body. C is an opinion – never in Task 1. B gives the number of stages, the two phases, and the start and end of the process.

Exercise 3 – Complete Body 1 (Band 4.5)

Type ONE word in each gap. Look at the diagram for the details.

First, cocoa pods are from cocoa trees on a farm. Next, the beans are taken out of the and put in wooden boxes for five to days. Then, the beans are in the sun for about one week. After that, the dry beans are put into and taken to a factory.

Exercise 4 – Put Body 2 in order (Band 4.5)

Choose 1–5 for each sentence.

This is the last step of the process.

In the factory, the beans are roasted in an oven at 120 to 150°C.

Next, a machine breaks the beans, and the shells are removed.

After that, the beans are ground into a thick paste.

Finally, sugar and milk are added to the paste to make liquid chocolate.

Exercise 3 – Complete Body 1 (Band 5.5)

Type ONE word in each gap. Look at the diagram for the details.

To begin with, ripe cocoa pods are from the trees. After that, the beans are removed from the pods and left to in wooden boxes for five to seven days. Next, they are spread out and in the sun for about a . Then, the dried beans are packed into sacks and to a chocolate factory.

Exercise 4 – Put Body 2 in order (Band 5.5)

Choose 1–4 for each sentence.

Finally, the paste is mixed with sugar and milk, and liquid chocolate is produced.

After this, a machine cracks the beans, and the shells are removed.

In the second stage, the beans are roasted in an oven at a temperature of 120 to 150°C.

Then, the beans are ground into a thick brown paste called cocoa liquor.

Exercise 3 – Complete Body 1 (Band 6.5)

Type ONE word in each gap. Look at the diagram for the details.

The process begins ripe cocoa pods are harvested from cocoa trees on a farm. Following this, the beans are from the pods and left to ferment in wooden boxes, a stage lasts five to seven days. After fermentation, the beans are spread out to in the sun for approximately one week. dry, they are packed into sacks and shipped to a chocolate factory for processing.

Exercise 4 – Put Body 2 in order (Band 6.5)

Choose 1–4 for each sentence.

Next, the roasted beans are cracked by a machine, which separates the shells from the inner part, known as cocoa nibs.

Subsequently, the nibs are ground into a thick paste known as cocoa liquor.

Turning to the factory stage, the beans are roasted in large ovens at a temperature of between 120 and 150°C.

In the final stage, the cocoa liquor is mixed with sugar and milk to produce liquid chocolate.

Exercise 3 – Complete Body 1 (Band 7.5)

Type ONE word in each gap. Look at the diagram for the details.

The process commences with the of ripe cocoa pods from cocoa trees on plantations. Once from the pods, the beans are placed in wooden boxes to ferment for a of five to seven days. , the fermented beans are laid out to dry in the sun over the of about a week. To complete the farm phase, the dried beans are bagged and to a chocolate factory.

Exercise 4 – Put Body 2 in order (Band 7.5)

Choose 1–4 for each sentence.

Following roasting, they are cracked open and their shells discarded, leaving only the cocoa nibs.

Subsequently, these nibs are finely ground, producing a thick paste referred to as cocoa liquor.

Turning to the manufacturing phase, the beans are roasted at temperatures ranging from 120 to 150°C.

In the final stage, this liquor is blended with sugar and milk, resulting in the finished product: liquid chocolate.

Write your essay – paragraph by paragraph

Use the Band 6.5 formulas, linkers and samples from Steps 3–8. Check the Band Standard on the left before you write.

Exercise 5 – Introduction

One sentence. Paraphrase the task (Step 7).

Words: 0 (about 20–30 words)

I changed the reporting verb and at least two task words.
I kept the technical words (cocoa pods, liquid chocolate).
One sentence, no numbers.

Exercise 6 – Overview

Use the formula for your band (Step 8).

Words: 0 (about 25–45 words)

I started with “Overall,”.
I gave the number of stages (and the two phases for Band 6.5+).
I named the first and last stage – no numbers or details.

Exercise 7 – Body 1 (Stages 1–4)

Write the stages in order with a different linker for each.

Words: 0 (about 55–75 words)

I covered stages 1–4 in order.
I used the passive (be + V3) correctly.
I included the times and details from the diagram.
My linkers match my band (Step 4).

Exercise 8 – Body 2 (Stages 5–8)

Start with a phase change (In the factory / Turning to …).

Words: 0 (about 50–70 words)

I covered stages 5–8 in order.
I included the temperature, the inputs and the outputs.
I used an ending linker for the last stage.

Exercise 9 – Your full essay

Press “Collect my paragraphs”, then edit them into one essay and compare with the model.

Words: 0 (minimum 150)

Model Answer 6.5

Write your own essay first, then compare. Highlighted = key collocations to learn.

🔒 The model answers are locked. Enter Password 2 from your teacher:

How Chocolate Is Produced

The Task

1How many stages? Name them.

Phase 1 – On the cocoa farm (Stages 1–4)

Phase 2 – In the chocolate factory (Stages 5–8)

3Sentence Formulas

4Linkers – Sequencing Words & Transitions

Beginning

Next step

Ending

Joining

Beginning

Next step

Change of place / phase

Ending

Joining

Beginning

Next step

Time clauses

Inside a stage

Change of phase

Ending

Beginning

Time

Next step

Result phrases

Naming

Ending

5Translation Practice – Vietnamese → English

Band 4.5 – 8 sentences

Band 5.5 – 8 sentences

Band 6.5 – 8 sentences

Band 7.5 – 8 sentences

6Linker Practice

Part A – Band 4.5 linkers (8 sentences)

Part B – Translate with Band 4.5 linkers (5 sentences)

Part A – Band 5.5 linkers (8 sentences)

Part B – Translate with Band 5.5 linkers (5 sentences)

Part A – Band 6.5 linkers (8 sentences)

Part B – Translate with Band 6.5 linkers (5 sentences)

Part A – Band 7.5 linkers (8 sentences)

Part B – Translate with Band 7.5 linkers (5 sentences)

7Introduction – Paraphrasing the Task

8Overview

Band 4.5 formula

Band 5.5 formula

Band 6.5 formula

Band 7.5 formula

9Writing Practice

Exercise 1 – Match the paraphrase

Exercise 2 – Choose the best Overview

Exercise 3 – Complete Body 1 (Band 4.5)

Exercise 4 – Put Body 2 in order (Band 4.5)

Exercise 3 – Complete Body 1 (Band 5.5)

Exercise 4 – Put Body 2 in order (Band 5.5)

Exercise 3 – Complete Body 1 (Band 6.5)

Exercise 4 – Put Body 2 in order (Band 6.5)

Exercise 3 – Complete Body 1 (Band 7.5)

Exercise 4 – Put Body 2 in order (Band 7.5)

Write your essay – paragraph by paragraph

Exercise 5 – Introduction

Exercise 6 – Overview

Exercise 7 – Body 1 (Stages 1–4)

Exercise 8 – Body 2 (Stages 5–8)

Exercise 9 – Your full essay

Model Answer 6.5