The Task
The diagram below shows how orange juice is produced.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.
Write at least 150 words.
1How many stages? Name them.
The diagram has 8 stages. It is a man-made process shown as a linear sequence: oranges are turned into juice, the juice is made thick (concentrate) for transport, and water is added again before packing.
Phase 1 – Making juice and concentrate (Stages 1–5)
- 1PickingOranges are picked from the trees.
- 2WashingThe oranges are washed.
- 3SqueezingThe oranges are squeezed; peel becomes animal food.
- 4FilteringThe juice is filtered to remove the pulp.
- 5EvaporatingWater is removed; the juice becomes concentrate.
Phase 2 – Shipping and packing (Stages 6–8)
- 6Freezing and shippingThe concentrate is frozen and shipped.
- 7Adding waterWater is added back to the concentrate.
- 8PackingThe juice is packed into cartons.
3Sentence Formulas
The structure behind each Band 6.5 sentence. Change the band on the left to see another level.
| Stage | Band 4.5 formula |
|---|---|
| 1 Picking | First + N + are + V3 + from the + N |
| 2 Washing | Next + the + N + are + V3 + in + N |
| 3 Squeezing | Then + the + N + are + V3 + to + get + the + N. The + N + is + V3 + as + adj + N |
| 4 Filtering | After that + the + N + is + V3, and + the + N + is + V3 + out |
| 5 Evaporating | Next + the + N + is + V3, and + most of the + N + goes out. It + becomes + adj + N |
| 6 Freezing and shipping | In the second part + the + N + is + V3 and V3 + to + adj + N + by + N |
| 7 Adding water | Then + N + is + V3 + to the + N + again |
| 8 Packing | Finally + the + N + is + V3 + into + N |
| Stage | Band 5.5 formula |
|---|---|
| 1 Picking | To begin with + adj + N + are + V3 + from the + N |
| 2 Washing | Next + the + N + are + V3 + with + adj + N |
| 3 Squeezing | After that + the + N + are + V3, and + the + N + is + V3 + as + N + for + N |
| 4 Filtering | Next + the + N + is + V3 + to + remove + the + N |
| 5 Evaporating | Then + the + N + is + V3 + so that + most of the + N + evaporates, and + it + becomes + a + N |
| 6 Freezing and shipping | In the second stage + the + N + is + V3 and V3 + by + N |
| 7 Adding water | After that + N + is + V3 + to the + N + to + make + N + again |
| 8 Packing | Finally + the + N + is + V3 + into + N |
| Stage | Band 6.5 formula |
|---|---|
| 1 Picking | The process begins with + N + being + V3 + from the + N |
| 2 Washing | After this + the + N + is + adverb + V3 |
| 3 Squeezing | Following this + the + N + are + V3 + to + V + the + N, while + the + N + is + V3 + as + adj + N |
| 4 Filtering | S + is then + V3 + in order to + remove + the + N |
| 5 Evaporating | Next + the + N + is + V3 + in an + N, which + removes + most of the + N + and + turns it into + a + N |
| 6 Freezing and shipping | Turning to the second phase + the + N + is + V3 and V3 + to + adj + N |
| 7 Adding water | Once + S + arrives + N + is + V3 + back + to the + N + to turn it into + N + again |
| 8 Packing | In the final stage + the + N + is + V3 + into + N |
| Stage | Band 7.5 formula |
|---|---|
| 1 Picking | The process commences with + the + N-ing + of + N + from the + N |
| 2 Washing | S + is then + V3 + adverb |
| 3 Squeezing | Next + the + N + is + V3 + by + V-ing + the + N, with + the + adj + N + being + V3 + as + adj + N |
| 4 Filtering | S + is subsequently + V3 + so that + the + N + can be + V3 |
| 5 Evaporating | This + N + is then + V3 + by + N, a process which + V + most of its + N + N |
| 6 Freezing and shipping | Turning to the second phase + the + N + is + V3 + and + V3 + adverb |
| 7 Adding water | Upon arrival + the + N + is + V3 + by + adding + N, restoring it to + N |
| 8 Packing | Finally + the + adj + N + is + V3 + in + N |
4Linkers – Sequencing Words & Transitions
Use a different linker for each stage – never “Then … Then … Then”. These are the linkers for Band 6.5.
Beginning
- First
Next step
- Next
- Then
- After that
Ending
- Finally
Joining
- … and + V3 (are taken out and put …)
- to + V (to make)
Beginning
- To begin with
- First of all
Next step
- After that / After this
- Next
- Then
Change of place / phase
- In the second stage, …
- In the factory, …
Ending
- Finally
Joining
- …, and then …
- … called + N
Beginning
- The process begins when …
- The process begins with + N
Next step
- Following this
- Subsequently
- Next
Time clauses
- Once + adj (Once dry, …)
- After + N (After fermentation, …)
Inside a stage
- …, where + clause
- …, which + verb
- … known as + N
- …, a stage which lasts …
Change of phase
- Turning to the … stage, …
Ending
- In the final stage
Beginning
- The process commences with + the + N of + N
Time
- Once + V3 (Once extracted, …)
- Following + N (Following roasting, …)
Next step
- Subsequently
- To complete the … phase, …
Result phrases
- …, leaving only + N
- …, producing + N
- …, resulting in + N
Naming
- … referred to as + N
- … ranging from X to Y
Ending
- In the final stage
- … culminating in + N
5Translation Practice – Vietnamese → English
Translate each sentence into English. The word in ( ) is the key word you must use. Check the Tense note, write your answer, then press Show answer.
Band 4.5 – 8 sentences
Đầu tiên, cam được hái (are picked) từ cây.
Tiếp theo, cam được rửa (are washed) trong nước.
Sau đó, cam được ép để lấy nước. Vỏ cam được dùng làm (is used as) thức ăn cho động vật.
Sau đó, nước cam được lọc (is filtered), và phần thịt quả được lấy ra.
Tiếp theo, nước cam được đun nóng, và phần lớn nước bay ra. Nó trở thành (becomes) nước cô đặc.
Ở phần thứ hai, nước cô đặc được đông lạnh và gửi (sent) đến các nước khác bằng tàu.
Sau đó, nước được thêm (is added) vào nước cô đặc một lần nữa.
Cuối cùng, nước cam được cho (is put) vào hộp giấy.
Band 5.5 – 8 sentences
Trước tiên, cam chín (ripe) được hái từ cây.
Tiếp theo, cam được rửa bằng nước sạch (clean water).
Sau đó, cam được ép (are squeezed), và vỏ được dùng làm thức ăn cho động vật.
Tiếp theo, nước cam được lọc để loại bỏ (remove) phần thịt quả.
Sau đó, nước cam được đun nóng để phần lớn nước bay hơi (evaporates), và nó trở thành nước cô đặc.
Ở giai đoạn thứ hai, nước cô đặc được đông lạnh và vận chuyển (transported) bằng tàu.
Sau đó, nước được thêm vào nước cô đặc để làm thành (make) nước ép trở lại.
Cuối cùng, nước cam được đóng (is packed) vào hộp giấy.
Band 6.5 – 8 sentences
Quy trình bắt đầu với việc cam được hái (being picked) từ cây.
Sau đó, trái cây được rửa kỹ (thoroughly).
Tiếp sau đó, cam được ép để lấy nước, trong khi (while) vỏ được dùng làm thức ăn cho động vật.
Nước cam sau đó được lọc nhằm (in order to) loại bỏ phần thịt quả.
Tiếp theo, nước cam được đun trong thiết bị bay hơi, việc này loại bỏ phần lớn nước và biến (turns) nó thành nước cô đặc.
Chuyển sang giai đoạn thứ hai, nước cô đặc được đông lạnh và vận chuyển bằng tàu (shipped) đến các nước khác.
Khi đến nơi, nước được thêm lại (added back) vào nước cô đặc để biến nó thành nước ép một lần nữa.
Ở giai đoạn cuối, nước cam được đóng vào hộp giấy (cartons).
Band 7.5 – 8 sentences
Quy trình bắt đầu với việc hái (the picking of) cam từ cây.
Trái cây sau đó được rửa kỹ (thoroughly).
Tiếp theo, nước cam được chiết xuất bằng cách ép cam, với phần vỏ thừa được dùng làm thức ăn chăn nuôi (animal feed).
Nước cam sau đó được lọc để phần thịt quả có thể được loại bỏ (can be removed).
Nước cam này sau đó được cô đặc bằng cách cho bay hơi (by evaporation), một quá trình loại bỏ phần lớn lượng nước.
Chuyển sang giai đoạn thứ hai, nước cô đặc được đông lạnh và vận chuyển ra nước ngoài (overseas).
Khi đến nơi, nước cô đặc được pha loãng (diluted) bằng cách thêm nước, đưa nó trở lại thành nước ép.
Cuối cùng, nước ép đã được hoàn nguyên (reconstituted) được đóng gói trong hộp giấy.
6Linker Practice
Part A: drag (or tap) the linkers into the gaps. Part B: translate using the linker in ( ).
Part A – Band 4.5 linkers (8 sentences)
Computer: drag a linker into a gap. Phone: tap a linker, then tap a gap. Tap a filled gap to empty it.
- , oranges are picked from the trees.
- The oranges are washed water.
- The oranges are squeezed get the juice.
- The peel is used animal food.
- The juice is filtered, the pulp is taken out.
- the second part, the concentrate is frozen.
- Water is added to the concentrate .
- , the juice is put into cartons.
Part B – Translate with Band 4.5 linkers (5 sentences)
Use the linker in ( ) and follow the Tense note.
Đầu tiên (First), cam được hái từ cây.
Tiếp theo (Next), cam được rửa.
Sau đó (Then), cam được ép để lấy nước.
Vỏ cam được dùng làm (as) thức ăn cho động vật.
Cuối cùng (Finally), nước cam được cho vào hộp.
Part A – Band 5.5 linkers (8 sentences)
Computer: drag a linker into a gap. Phone: tap a linker, then tap a gap. Tap a filled gap to empty it.
- , ripe oranges are picked.
- The oranges are washed clean water.
- The oranges are squeezed, the peel is used as food for animals.
- The juice is filtered remove the pulp.
- The juice is heated so most of the water evaporates.
- the second stage, the concentrate is frozen.
- The concentrate is transported ship.
- , the juice is packed into cartons.
Part B – Translate with Band 5.5 linkers (5 sentences)
Use the linker in ( ) and follow the Tense note.
Trước tiên (To begin with), cam chín được hái.
Nước cam được lọc để (to) loại bỏ thịt quả.
Nước cam được đun để (so that) phần lớn nước bay hơi.
Ở giai đoạn thứ hai (In the second stage), nước cô đặc được đông lạnh.
Nước được thêm vào để làm thành (to make) nước ép.
Part A – Band 6.5 linkers (8 sentences)
Computer: drag a linker into a gap. Phone: tap a linker, then tap a gap. Tap a filled gap to empty it.
- The process begins oranges being picked.
- this, the fruit is thoroughly washed.
- The oranges are squeezed, the peel is used as animal food.
- The juice is filtered in to remove the pulp.
- The juice is heated, removes most of the water.
- the second phase, the concentrate is frozen.
- Water is added to the concentrate.
- , the juice is packed into cartons.
Part B – Translate with Band 6.5 linkers (5 sentences)
Use the linker in ( ) and follow the Tense note.
Quy trình bắt đầu với việc (begins with) cam được hái.
Cam được ép, trong khi (while) vỏ được dùng làm thức ăn.
Nước cam được lọc nhằm (in order to) loại bỏ thịt quả.
Chuyển sang (Turning to) giai đoạn thứ hai, nước cô đặc được đông lạnh.
Khi đến nơi (Once it arrives), nước được thêm trở lại.
Part A – Band 7.5 linkers (8 sentences)
Computer: drag a linker into a gap. Phone: tap a linker, then tap a gap. Tap a filled gap to empty it.
- The process commences with the of oranges.
- The juice is extracted by the oranges.
- The leftover peel is used as animal .
- The juice is filtered so that the pulp can removed.
- The juice is concentrated by .
- The concentrate is frozen and shipped .
- The concentrate is by adding water.
- The juice is packaged in cartons.
Part B – Translate with Band 7.5 linkers (5 sentences)
Use the linker in ( ) and follow the Tense note.
Quy trình bắt đầu với việc hái (the picking of) cam.
Nước cam được chiết xuất, với (with) phần vỏ thừa được dùng làm thức ăn chăn nuôi.
Nước cam được cô đặc, một quá trình (a process which) loại bỏ phần lớn nước.
Khi đến nơi (Upon arrival), nước cô đặc được pha loãng.
Cuối cùng (Finally), nước ép hoàn nguyên được đóng gói.
7Introduction – Paraphrasing the Task
Paraphrase the task sentence. The column of your band is highlighted.
| Task words | Band 4.5 | Band 5.5 | Band 6.5 | Band 7.5 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| The diagram below shows | The diagram shows | The diagram illustrates | The diagram illustrates | The given diagram depicts |
| how orange juice | how orange juice | the process of making orange juice | the various stages in the production of orange juice | the sequence of stages involved in manufacturing orange juice |
| is produced | is made | from the picking of oranges | from the picking of the fruit | |
| to the packing of juice into cartons | to the packaging of the final product |
The diagram shows how orange juice is made, from oranges on the trees to cartons of juice.
Band 4.5: changes “produced” to “made” and adds a simple “from … to …”.
The diagram illustrates the process of making orange juice, from picking the oranges to packing the juice.
Band 5.5: a common reporting verb (illustrates) and a noun phrase (the process of making).
The diagram illustrates the various stages in the production of orange juice, from the picking of oranges to the packing of juice into cartons.
Band 6.5: nominalisation (the production of, the picking of, the packing of) gives an accurate, academic paraphrase.
The given diagram depicts the sequence of stages involved in manufacturing orange juice, from the picking of the fruit to the packaging of the final product.
Band 7.5: precise verb (depicts), a complex noun phrase and accurate nominalisation.
The diagram shows / illustrates / depicts how orange juice is made / the production of orange juice, from the picking of oranges to the packing of juice into cartons.
8Overview
An overview gives the number of stages and the start and end; higher bands add the two main phases in more precise language. No details (no “pulp”, “animal food” or “evaporator”).
Band 4.5 formula
Overall, there are eight steps in this process. It starts with picking oranges and finishes with putting juice into cartons. Water is taken out of the juice and then put back later.
Why Band 4.5: Two short simple sentences, basic words (steps, starts, finishes), no phases.
Band 5.5 formula
Overall, there are eight stages in the process. In the first five stages, the oranges are made into thick juice, and in the last three stages, the juice is shipped, water is added and it is packed. Some parts of the fruit are not wasted because the peel is used for animals.
Why Band 5.5: Names the two parts in simple words; begins with … ends with …; no numbers or details.
Band 6.5 formula
Overall, the process consists of eight stages, which can be divided into two main phases: producing a concentrate and then shipping and packing it. The most interesting feature is that water is removed from the juice and later added back before it is packed.
Why Band 6.5: A which-clause divides the stages into two phases; nominal phrases (the harvesting of, the production of).
Band 7.5 formula
Overall, orange juice production involves eight distinct stages, which fall into two main phases – the production of a concentrate and its subsequent shipment and packaging – with the most striking feature being that water is removed from the juice for transport and later restored.
Why Band 7.5: comprises · distinct · fall into · dashes for the phases · commencing with … culminating in … in ONE sentence.
9Writing Practice
Essay plan: Introduction → Overview → Body 1: Stages 1–5 (Making juice and concentrate) → Body 2: Stages 6–8 (Shipping and packing). Your writing is saved on this device.
Exercise 1 – Match the paraphrase
Choose the best synonym for each word from the task.
- shows →
- produced →
- picked →
- squeezed →
- added →
Exercise 2 – Choose the best Overview
Which sentence is a good overview?
Exercise 3 – Complete Body 1 (Band 4.5)
Type ONE word in each gap. Look at the diagram for the details.
First, oranges are from the trees. Next, the oranges are in water. Then, the oranges are squeezed to get the . The peel is used as animal food. After that, the juice is , and the pulp is taken out.
Exercise 4 – Put Body 2 in order (Band 4.5)
Choose 1–4 for each sentence.
Exercise 3 – Complete Body 1 (Band 5.5)
Type ONE word in each gap. Look at the diagram for the details.
To begin with, oranges are picked from the trees. Next, the oranges are with clean water. After that, the oranges are , and the peel is used as food for animals. Next, the juice is filtered to the pulp.
Exercise 4 – Put Body 2 in order (Band 5.5)
Choose 1–3 for each sentence.
Exercise 3 – Complete Body 1 (Band 6.5)
Type ONE word in each gap. Look at the diagram for the details.
The process begins with oranges being from the trees. After this, the fruit is washed. Following this, the oranges are squeezed to the juice, while the peel is used as animal food. The juice is then filtered in order to remove the .
Exercise 4 – Put Body 2 in order (Band 6.5)
Choose 1–3 for each sentence.
Exercise 3 – Complete Body 1 (Band 7.5)
Type ONE word in each gap. Look at the diagram for the details.
The process commences with the of oranges from the trees. The fruit is then washed thoroughly. Next, the juice is extracted by the oranges, with the leftover peel being used as animal . The juice is subsequently filtered so that the pulp can be removed. This juice is then concentrated by , a process which removes most of its water content.
Exercise 4 – Put Body 2 in order (Band 7.5)
Choose 1–3 for each sentence.
Write your essay – paragraph by paragraph
Use the Band 6.5 formulas, linkers and samples from Steps 3–8. Check the Band Standard on the left before you write.
Exercise 5 – Introduction
One sentence. Paraphrase the task (Step 7).
Words: 0 (about 20–30 words)
Exercise 6 – Overview
Use the formula for your band (Step 8).
Words: 0 (about 25–45 words)
Exercise 7 – Body 1 (Stages 1–5)
Write the stages in order with a different linker for each.
Words: 0 (about 55–75 words)
Exercise 8 – Body 2 (Stages 6–8)
Start with a phase change (In the factory / Turning to …).
Words: 0 (about 50–70 words)
Exercise 9 – Your full essay
Press “Collect my paragraphs”, then edit them into one essay and compare with the model.
Words: 0 (minimum 150)
Model Answer 6.5
Write your own essay first, then compare. Highlighted = key collocations to learn.