The Task
The diagram below shows the process for recycling paper, from collection to new paper products.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.
Write at least 150 words.
1How many stages? Name them.
The diagram has 8 stages. It is a man-made process shown as a cycle: used paper is collected, turned into pulp, cleaned and made into new paper, which is sold and later collected again.
Phase 1 – Collecting and preparing the paper (Stages 1–4)
- 1CollectionUsed paper is collected from homes and offices.
- 2SortingThe paper is sorted into different types on a conveyor belt.
- 3PulpingThe paper is mixed with water and broken down into pulp.
- 4ScreeningThe pulp is passed through screens to remove staples and plastic.
Phase 2 – Cleaning, remaking and selling (Stages 5–8)
- 5De-inkingInk is removed from the pulp.
- 6Rolling and dryingThe clean pulp is pressed by heated rollers and dried.
- 7New paperThe new paper is wound onto rolls and made into products.
- 8SaleThe new products are sold in shops and later collected again.
3Sentence Formulas
The structure behind each Band 6.5 sentence. Change the band on the left to see another level.
| Stage | Band 4.5 formula |
|---|---|
| 1 Collection | First + adj + N + is + V3 + from + N and N |
| 2 Sorting | Next + N + is + V3 + into + adj + N |
| 3 Pulping | Then + N + is + V3 + with + N + for about + time + and becomes + N |
| 4 Screening | After that + N + goes through + N, and + N and N + are + V3 + out |
| 5 De-inking | In the second part + N + is + V3 + out of + N |
| 6 Rolling and drying | Next + adj + N + is + V3 + by + N + and + V3 |
| 7 New paper | After that + adj + N + is + V3 + and + V3 + on + adj + N |
| 8 Sale | Finally + adj + N + is + V3 + in + N, and + the cycle + starts again |
| Stage | Band 5.5 formula |
|---|---|
| 1 Collection | To begin with + adj + N + is + V3 + from + N and N + in + adj + N |
| 2 Sorting | After that + N + is + V3 + by + N + on + N |
| 3 Pulping | Next + V3 + N + is + V3 + into + adj + N + and + V3 + with + N + for about + time + to + V (purpose) |
| 4 Screening | Then + N + is + V3 + through + N + to + V + N and N |
| 5 De-inking | In the second stage + N + is + V3 + from + N + so that + it + becomes + adj |
| 6 Rolling and drying | After that + adj + N + is + V3 + out, V3 + by + N + and + V3 |
| 7 New paper | Then + adj + N + is + V3 + into + adj + N + and + V3 + into + adj + N |
| 8 Sale | Finally + adj + N + are + V3 + to + N + and + V3, so + the cycle + begins again |
| Stage | Band 6.5 formula |
|---|---|
| 1 Collection | The process begins when + adj + N + is + precise V3 + from + N and N + in + N |
| 2 Sorting | Following this + N + is + precise V3 + according to + its + N + on + N |
| 3 Pulping | Once + V3 + N + is + V3 + in + N + and + phrasal V3 + into + adj + N + over about + time |
| 4 Screening | After this + N + is + V3 + through + N, which + remove + adj + N + such as + N and N |
| 5 De-inking | Turning to the second phase + N + is + precise V3, which means + N + is + V3 + to leave + adj + N |
| 6 Rolling and drying | Next + adj + N + is + V3 + by + adj + N, which + dry + it + at the same time |
| 7 New paper | Once + adj + N + is + V3 + onto + adj + N + and + V3 + into + adj + N |
| 8 Sale | In the final stage + adj + N + are + V3 + to + N, where + they + are + V3 + and later + V3 + again |
| Stage | Band 7.5 formula |
|---|---|
| 1 Collection | The process commences with + the + N + of + adj + N + from + N and N |
| 2 Sorting | Subsequently + N + is + V3 + into + adj + N + as + S + V + along + N |
| 3 Pulping | Once + V3 + N + is + V3 + with + N + and + V3 + for roughly + time, reducing + it + to + adj + N |
| 4 Screening | Next + N + is + precise V3 + to + V + N + such as + N and N |
| 5 De-inking | Turning to the second phase + N + undergoes + a + compound adj + N, leaving only + adj + N |
| 6 Rolling and drying | Following this + adj + N + are + V3 and V3 + by + adj + N, forming + adj + N + of + N |
| 7 New paper | Once + adj + N + are + V3 + onto + adj + N + and + V3 + into + adj + N |
| 8 Sale | In the final stage + adj + N + are + V3 + to + N, after which + they + can be + V3 + once again, thereby + V-ing + N |
4Linkers – Sequencing Words & Transitions
Use a different linker for each stage – never “Then … Then … Then”. These are the linkers for Band 6.5.
Beginning
- First
Next step
- Next
- Then
- After that
Ending
- Finally
Joining
- … and + V3 (are taken out and put …)
- to + V (to make)
Beginning
- To begin with
- First of all
Next step
- After that / After this
- Next
- Then
Change of place / phase
- In the second stage, …
- In the factory, …
Ending
- Finally
Joining
- …, and then …
- … called + N
Beginning
- The process begins when …
- The process begins with + N
Next step
- Following this
- Subsequently
- Next
Time clauses
- Once + adj (Once dry, …)
- After + N (After fermentation, …)
Inside a stage
- …, where + clause
- …, which + verb
- … known as + N
- …, a stage which lasts …
Change of phase
- Turning to the … stage, …
Ending
- In the final stage
Beginning
- The process commences with + the + N of + N
Time
- Once + V3 (Once extracted, …)
- Following + N (Following roasting, …)
Next step
- Subsequently
- To complete the … phase, …
Result phrases
- …, leaving only + N
- …, producing + N
- …, resulting in + N
Naming
- … referred to as + N
- … ranging from X to Y
Ending
- In the final stage
- … culminating in + N
5Translation Practice – Vietnamese → English
Translate each sentence into English. The word in ( ) is the key word you must use. Check the Tense note, write your answer, then press Show answer.
Band 4.5 – 8 sentences
Đầu tiên, giấy đã qua sử dụng được thu gom (collected) từ nhà ở và văn phòng.
Tiếp theo, giấy được phân loại (sorted) thành nhiều loại khác nhau.
Sau đó, giấy được trộn với nước khoảng 20 phút và trở thành bột giấy (pulp).
Sau đó, bột giấy đi qua một tấm lưới lọc, và ghim (staples) cùng nhựa được lấy ra.
Ở phần thứ hai, mực (ink) được lấy ra khỏi bột giấy.
Tiếp theo, bột giấy sạch được trục lăn (rollers) ép và làm khô.
Sau đó, giấy mới được làm ra và cuốn (put) thành những cuộn lớn.
Cuối cùng, giấy mới được bán (sold) ở cửa hàng, và chu trình bắt đầu lại.
Band 5.5 – 8 sentences
Trước tiên, giấy thải được thu gom từ nhà ở và văn phòng trong những thùng (bins) chuyên dụng.
Sau đó, giấy được phân loại theo loại trên một băng chuyền (conveyor belt).
Tiếp theo, giấy đã phân loại được cho vào một bồn lớn và trộn với nước khoảng 20 phút để tạo thành (make) bột giấy.
Sau đó, bột giấy được cho qua các tấm lưới lọc để loại bỏ (remove) ghim và nhựa.
Ở giai đoạn thứ hai, mực được loại bỏ khỏi bột giấy để (so that) nó trở nên sạch.
Sau đó, bột giấy sạch được trải ra, được trục lăn ép và sấy khô (dried).
Sau đó, giấy mới được cuộn thành cuộn lớn và làm thành (made into) sản phẩm mới.
Cuối cùng, các sản phẩm mới được gửi đến cửa hàng và bán ra, vì vậy (so) chu trình bắt đầu lại.
Band 6.5 – 8 sentences
Quá trình bắt đầu khi giấy thải được gom (gathered) từ nhà ở và văn phòng trong các thùng tái chế.
Tiếp theo đó, giấy được tách riêng (separated) theo từng loại trên băng chuyền.
Một khi đã phân loại, giấy được ngâm (soaked) trong nước và đánh tơi thành bột giấy mềm trong khoảng 20 phút.
Sau bước này, bột giấy được lọc (filtered) qua các tấm lưới, những tấm này loại bỏ vật lạ như ghim và nhựa.
Chuyển sang giai đoạn thứ hai, bột giấy được khử mực (de-inked), nghĩa là mực được loại bỏ để còn lại sợi giấy sạch.
Tiếp theo, bột giấy sạch được các trục lăn nóng cán phẳng (flattened), đồng thời làm khô nó.
Một khi đã khô, giấy được quấn (wound) vào những cuộn lớn và chuyển thành sản phẩm mới.
Ở giai đoạn cuối, các sản phẩm tái chế được phân phối (distributed) đến cửa hàng, nơi chúng được bán và sau đó lại được thu gom.
Band 7.5 – 8 sentences
Quá trình bắt đầu với việc thu gom giấy thải từ các hộ gia đình (households) và văn phòng.
Sau đó, giấy được phân thành các loại (grades) khác nhau khi di chuyển trên băng chuyền.
Một khi đã phân loại, giấy được trộn với nước và khuấy (churned) trong khoảng 20 phút, biến nó thành bột giấy mềm.
Tiếp theo, bột giấy được sàng lọc để loại bỏ tạp chất (contaminants) như ghim và nhựa.
Chuyển sang giai đoạn thứ hai, bột giấy trải qua (undergoes) quá trình khử mực, chỉ để lại sợi giấy sạch.
Sau đó, sợi giấy sạch được các trục lăn nóng ép và sấy khô, tạo thành (forming) những tờ giấy mỏng.
Một khi đã khô, các tờ giấy được quấn vào những cuộn lớn và chuyển đổi (converted) thành sản phẩm giấy mới.
Ở giai đoạn cuối, hàng tái chế được phân phối đến các nhà bán lẻ, sau đó (after which) chúng có thể được thu gom lại, qua đó hoàn thành chu trình.
6Linker Practice
Part A: drag (or tap) the linkers into the gaps. Part B: translate using the linker in ( ).
Part A – Band 4.5 linkers (8 sentences)
Computer: drag a linker into a gap. Phone: tap a linker, then tap a gap. Tap a filled gap to empty it.
- , used paper is collected from homes and offices.
- Used paper is collected homes and offices.
- , the paper is mixed with water.
- The paper is mixed with water about 20 minutes.
- the second part, the ink is taken out.
- The clean pulp is pressed rollers.
- , new paper is made.
- , the new paper is sold in shops.
Part B – Translate with Band 4.5 linkers (5 sentences)
Use the linker in ( ) and follow the Tense note.
Đầu tiên (First), giấy cũ được thu gom.
Tiếp theo (Next), giấy được phân loại.
Sau đó (Then), giấy được trộn với nước.
Sau đó (After that), mực được lấy ra.
Cuối cùng (Finally), giấy mới được bán ở cửa hàng.
Part A – Band 5.5 linkers (8 sentences)
Computer: drag a linker into a gap. Phone: tap a linker, then tap a gap. Tap a filled gap to empty it.
- , waste paper is collected from homes and offices.
- that, the paper is sorted by type.
- The paper is mixed with water make pulp.
- The screens remove staples plastic.
- the second stage, the ink is removed.
- The ink is removed that the pulp becomes clean.
- , the new paper is rolled into large rolls.
- , the new products are sent to shops.
Part B – Translate with Band 5.5 linkers (5 sentences)
Use the linker in ( ) and follow the Tense note.
Trước tiên (To begin with), giấy thải được thu gom.
Sau đó (After that), giấy được phân loại trên băng chuyền.
Giấy được trộn với nước để (to) làm bột giấy.
Ở giai đoạn thứ hai (In the second stage), mực được loại bỏ.
Mực được loại bỏ để (so that) bột giấy trở nên sạch.
Part A – Band 6.5 linkers (8 sentences)
Computer: drag a linker into a gap. Phone: tap a linker, then tap a gap. Tap a filled gap to empty it.
- The process begins waste paper is gathered.
- The paper is separated to its type.
- sorted, the paper is soaked in water.
- The pulp is filtered through screens, remove staples and plastic.
- the second phase, the pulp is de-inked.
- The pulp is de-inked, which the ink is removed.
- The products are distributed to shops, they are sold.
- , the recycled products are distributed to shops.
Part B – Translate with Band 6.5 linkers (5 sentences)
Use the linker in ( ) and follow the Tense note.
Quá trình bắt đầu khi (when) giấy thải được gom lại.
Một khi (Once) đã phân loại, giấy được ngâm trong nước.
Bột giấy được lọc qua lưới, những tấm lưới này (which) loại bỏ ghim.
Chuyển sang (Turning to) giai đoạn thứ hai, bột giấy được khử mực.
Sản phẩm được đưa đến cửa hàng, nơi mà (where) chúng được bán.
Part A – Band 7.5 linkers (8 sentences)
Computer: drag a linker into a gap. Phone: tap a linker, then tap a gap. Tap a filled gap to empty it.
- The process commences the collection of waste paper.
- , the paper is sorted into different grades.
- The paper is churned for 20 minutes, it to a soft pulp.
- The pulp is screened to contaminants such as staples.
- The pulp a de-inking process.
- The fibres are pressed and dried, thin sheets of paper.
- The goods are distributed, after they can be collected again.
- The goods are collected again, completing the cycle.
Part B – Translate with Band 7.5 linkers (5 sentences)
Use the linker in ( ) and follow the Tense note.
Quá trình bắt đầu với (commences with) việc thu gom giấy thải.
Sau đó (Subsequently), giấy được phân loại trên băng chuyền.
Giấy được khuấy với nước, biến (reducing) nó thành bột giấy.
Bột giấy trải qua (undergoes) một quá trình khử mực.
Hàng được thu gom lại, qua đó (thereby) hoàn thành chu trình.
7Introduction – Paraphrasing the Task
Paraphrase the task sentence. The column of your band is highlighted.
| Task words | Band 4.5 | Band 5.5 | Band 6.5 | Band 7.5 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| The diagram below shows | The diagram shows | The diagram illustrates | The diagram illustrates | The given diagram depicts |
| the process for recycling paper | how used paper is recycled | how waste paper is recycled | how waste paper is recycled | the process by which waste paper is recycled |
| from collection | from collecting old paper | from the collection of used paper | starting with its collection from homes and offices | from its collection from households and offices |
| to new paper products | to selling new paper in shops | to the sale of new paper products | and ending with the sale of new paper products | to the sale of new paper products |
The diagram shows how used paper is recycled, from collecting old paper to selling new paper in shops.
Band 4.5: clear but uses simple words (used, old, new) and a basic from … to … structure.
The diagram illustrates how waste paper is recycled, from the collection of used paper to the sale of new paper products.
Band 5.5: a common reporting verb (illustrates), a how-clause and some nominal phrases (the collection of, the sale of).
The diagram illustrates how waste paper is recycled, starting with its collection from homes and offices and ending with the sale of new paper products.
Band 6.5: a passive how-clause and a participle phrase (starting with … and ending with …) with a possessive nominal (its collection).
The given diagram depicts the process by which waste paper is recycled, from its collection from households and offices to the sale of new paper products.
Band 7.5: precise verb (depicts), a by-which clause and nominal phrases (its collection from households, the sale of …).
The diagram shows / illustrates / depicts how waste paper is recycled / the process by which paper is recycled, from the collection of used paper to the sale of new paper products.
8Overview
An overview gives the number of stages and the start and end; higher bands add the two main phases in more precise language. No details (no “20 minutes”, “water”, “staples”, “plastic” or “ink”).
Band 4.5 formula
Overall, there are eight steps in this process. It starts with collecting used paper and finishes with selling new paper, so it is a cycle.
Why Band 4.5: Two short simple sentences, basic words (steps, starts, finishes), no phases.
Band 5.5 formula
Overall, there are eight stages in the process. The first four stages collect and prepare the paper, and the last four clean it and make it into new products. The process begins with collecting waste paper and ends with the sale of new products, so it is a cyclical process.
Why Band 5.5: Names the two parts in simple words; begins with … ends with …; no numbers or details.
Band 6.5 formula
Overall, there are eight stages in the process, which can be divided into two main phases: collecting and preparing the paper, and cleaning and remaking it. The process begins with the collection of waste paper and ends with the sale of recycled products, so it is a cyclical process.
Why Band 6.5: A which-clause divides the stages into two phases; nominal phrases (the harvesting of, the production of).
Band 7.5 formula
Overall, the process comprises eight distinct stages, which fall into two main phases – the collection and preparation of waste paper and its cleaning and remanufacture – commencing with the collection of used paper and culminating in the distribution of recycled goods, from where the cycle repeats.
Why Band 7.5: comprises · distinct · fall into · dashes for the phases · commencing with … culminating in … in ONE sentence.
9Writing Practice
Essay plan: Introduction → Overview → Body 1: Stages 1–4 (Collecting and preparing the paper) → Body 2: Stages 5–8 (Cleaning, remaking and selling). Your writing is saved on this device.
Exercise 1 – Match the paraphrase
Choose the best synonym for each word from the task.
- shows →
- recycling →
- collection →
- paper products →
- below →
Exercise 2 – Choose the best Overview
Which sentence is a good overview?
Exercise 3 – Complete Body 1 (Band 4.5)
Type ONE word in each gap. Look at the diagram for the details.
First, used paper is from homes and offices. Next, the paper is into different types. Then, the paper is mixed with for about 20 minutes and becomes . After that, the pulp goes through a screen, and staples and are taken out.
Exercise 4 – Put Body 2 in order (Band 4.5)
Choose 1–5 for each sentence.
Exercise 3 – Complete Body 1 (Band 5.5)
Type ONE word in each gap. Look at the diagram for the details.
To begin with, waste paper is collected from homes and offices in special . After that, the paper is sorted by on a conveyor belt. Next, the sorted paper is put into a large tank and mixed with water for about minutes to make . Then, the pulp is passed through to remove staples and plastic.
Exercise 4 – Put Body 2 in order (Band 5.5)
Choose 1–4 for each sentence.
Exercise 3 – Complete Body 1 (Band 6.5)
Type ONE word in each gap. Look at the diagram for the details.
The process begins waste paper is gathered from homes and offices in recycling bins. Following this, the paper is according to its type on a conveyor belt. Once sorted, the paper is in water and broken down into a soft pulp over about 20 minutes. After this, the pulp is filtered through , remove unwanted items such as staples and plastic.
Exercise 4 – Put Body 2 in order (Band 6.5)
Choose 1–4 for each sentence.
Exercise 3 – Complete Body 1 (Band 7.5)
Type ONE word in each gap. Look at the diagram for the details.
The process commences with the of waste paper from households and offices. Subsequently, the paper is sorted into different as it moves along a conveyor belt. Once sorted, it is combined with water and for roughly 20 minutes, it to a soft pulp. Next, the pulp is screened to eliminate such as staples and plastic.
Exercise 4 – Put Body 2 in order (Band 7.5)
Choose 1–4 for each sentence.
Write your essay – paragraph by paragraph
Use the Band 6.5 formulas, linkers and samples from Steps 3–8. Check the Band Standard on the left before you write.
Exercise 5 – Introduction
One sentence. Paraphrase the task (Step 7).
Words: 0 (about 20–30 words)
Exercise 6 – Overview
Use the formula for your band (Step 8).
Words: 0 (about 25–45 words)
Exercise 7 – Body 1 (Stages 1–4)
Write the stages in order with a different linker for each.
Words: 0 (about 55–75 words)
Exercise 8 – Body 2 (Stages 5–8)
Start with a phase change (In the factory / Turning to …).
Words: 0 (about 50–70 words)
Exercise 9 – Your full essay
Press “Collect my paragraphs”, then edit them into one essay and compare with the model.
Words: 0 (minimum 150)
Model Answer 6.5
Write your own essay first, then compare. Highlighted = key collocations to learn.