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IELTS Writing Task 1Process DiagramBands 4.5 · 5.5 · 6.5 · 7.5STUDENT'S EDITION

How Rain Forms

Choose your band on the left → learn the stages, formulas and linkers → translate → build the Introduction, Overview, Body 1 and Body 2 → compare with the model.

The Task

The diagram below shows how rain forms.

Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.

Write at least 150 words.

How rain formsPhase 1: Water rises into the air (stages 1–4)Phase 2: Clouds and rain (stages 5–8)1Heating+ seas, lakes, rivers2Evaporation↗ water vapour3Rising and cooling4Condensation*+ tiny dust particles↗ tiny droplets5Cloud formation+ millions of droplets6Droplets join↗ larger drops7Rainfalldrops too heavy8Collecting↗ rivers, lakes, seas*condense: change from a gas into a liquid.
← swipe to see the whole diagram →
How to use this lesson: choose a band in the Band Standard bar (left; on a phone, at the top). Every step then shows sentences, exercises and the model for that band. Start at your current band, then try the next one up.

1How many stages? Name them.

The diagram has 8 stages. It is a natural process shown as a linear sequence: water on the surface turns into vapour, forms clouds and finally falls back to the ground as rain.

Phase 1 – Water rises into the air (Stages 1–4)

  1. 1
    HeatingThe sun heats water on the surface.
  2. 2
    EvaporationWater evaporates and becomes vapour.
  3. 3
    Rising and coolingThe vapour rises and cools.
  4. 4
    CondensationVapour condenses on dust into tiny droplets.

Phase 2 – Clouds and rain (Stages 5–8)

  1. 5
    Cloud formationMillions of droplets form a cloud.
  2. 6
    Droplets joinDroplets collide and grow bigger.
  3. 7
    RainfallHeavy drops fall as rain.
  4. 8
    CollectingRainwater flows into rivers, lakes and seas.
The diagram does not label the phases. This lesson divides the process into water rising into the air (stages 1–4) and clouds and rain (stages 5–8).

3Sentence Formulas

The structure behind each Band 6.5 sentence. Change the band on the left to see another level.

LinkerSubjectVerbObject / Place / ResultTime / Purpose
StageBand 4.5 formula
1 HeatingFirst + the + N + heats + the + N + in + N, N and N
2 EvaporationNext + the + N + evaporates and becomes + N + N
3 Rising and coolingThen + the + N + N + goes up + into the + N + and gets + adj-er
4 CondensationAfter that + the + adj + N + changes into + adj + N + of + N + around + adj + N + of + N
5 Cloud formationIn the second part + millions of + these + N + come together and make + a + N
6 Droplets joinNext + the + adj + N + hit + each other and join together, so + they + get + adj-er
7 RainfallAfter that + the + N + are + too + adj, so + they + fall + from the + N + as + N
8 CollectingFinally + the + N + goes into + N, N and N
StageBand 5.5 formula
1 HeatingTo begin with + the + N + heats + the + N + in + N, N and N
2 EvaporationNext + the + N + evaporates and turns into + N + N
3 Rising and coolingAfter that + the + N + N + rises + into the + N, and + it + becomes + adj-er + as + it + goes higher
4 CondensationNext + the + adj + N + condenses + around + adj + N + of + N + and forms + adv + adj + N + N
5 Cloud formationIn the second stage + millions of + these + N + gather together and form + a + N
6 Droplets joinInside the cloud + the + N + hit + each other and join together, so + they + become + adj-er
7 RainfallWhen + the + N + become + too + adj, they + fall + to the + N + as + N
8 CollectingFinally + the + N + flows into + N, N and N
StageBand 6.5 formula
1 HeatingThe process begins when + the + N + heats + adj + N + in + N, N and N
2 EvaporationAs a result + the + N + evaporates, V-ing + from a + N + into + N + N
3 Rising and coolingFollowing this + the + N + rises into + the + N, where + it + adverb + cools
4 CondensationOnce + S + has + V3 + the + N + condenses around + adj + N + N, forming + adj + N + N
5 Cloud formationTurning to the second phase + millions of + these + N + gather together + to + V + a + N
6 Droplets joinInside the cloud + the + N + collide and join together, and as a result + they + grow + adj-er
7 RainfallWhen + the + N + become + too + adj + to + V + in the + N, they + fall to + N + as + N
8 CollectingIn the final stage + the + N + flows into + N, N and N
StageBand 7.5 formula
1 HeatingThe process is initiated by + the + N + V-ing + adj + N + in + N, N and N
2 EvaporationThis causes + N + to + V, V-ing + it + from a + N + into a + N + V3 + as + N
3 Rising and coolingAs + S + V + into + N, it + cools + adverb + with + adj + N
4 CondensationHaving + V3 + adverb + the + N + condenses around + adj + N + N, producing + adj + N + N
5 Cloud formationTurning to the second phase + millions of + these + N + cluster together, resulting in the formation of + a + N
6 Droplets joinWithin the cloud + the + N + collide and merge, adverb + V-ing + in + N
7 RainfallOnce + S + V + too + adj + to + V + adj + the + N + fall to + N + as + N
8 CollectingFinally + this + N + collects in + N, N and N

4Linkers – Sequencing Words & Transitions

Use a different linker for each stage – never “Then … Then … Then”. These are the linkers for Band 6.5.

Beginning

  • First

Next step

  • Next
  • Then
  • After that

Ending

  • Finally

Joining

  • … and + V3 (are taken out and put …)
  • to + V (to make)

Beginning

  • To begin with
  • First of all

Next step

  • After that / After this
  • Next
  • Then

Change of place / phase

  • In the second stage, …
  • In the factory, …

Ending

  • Finally

Joining

  • …, and then …
  • … called + N

Beginning

  • The process begins when …
  • The process begins with + N

Next step

  • Following this
  • Subsequently
  • Next

Time clauses

  • Once + adj (Once dry, …)
  • After + N (After fermentation, …)

Inside a stage

  • …, where + clause
  • …, which + verb
  • … known as + N
  • …, a stage which lasts …

Change of phase

  • Turning to the … stage, …

Ending

  • In the final stage

Beginning

  • The process commences with + the + N of + N

Time

  • Once + V3 (Once extracted, …)
  • Following + N (Following roasting, …)

Next step

  • Subsequently
  • To complete the … phase, …

Result phrases

  • …, leaving only + N
  • …, producing + N
  • …, resulting in + N

Naming

  • … referred to as + N
  • … ranging from X to Y

Ending

  • In the final stage
  • … culminating in + N

5Translation Practice – Vietnamese → English

Translate each sentence into English. The word in ( ) is the key word you must use. Check the Tense note, write your answer, then press Show answer.

🔒 The answers in Step 5 are locked. Enter Password 1 from your teacher:

Band 4.5 – 8 sentences

1

Đầu tiên, mặt trời làm nóng (heats) nước ở biển, hồ và sông.

Hiện tại đơn chủ động: heats
2

Tiếp theo, nước bốc hơi (evaporates) và trở thành hơi nước.

Hiện tại đơn chủ động
3

Sau đó, hơi nước bay lên (goes up) bầu trời và trở nên lạnh hơn.

Hiện tại đơn chủ động
4

Sau đó, hơi nước lạnh biến thành (changes into) những giọt nước rất nhỏ quanh các hạt bụi nhỏ.

Hiện tại đơn chủ động
5

Ở phần thứ hai, hàng triệu giọt nước này tụ lại (come together) và tạo thành một đám mây.

Hiện tại đơn chủ động
6

Tiếp theo, những giọt nhỏ va vào nhau và kết hợp (join) lại, vì vậy chúng to hơn.

Hiện tại đơn chủ động + so
7

Sau đó, các giọt nước quá nặng (too heavy), vì vậy chúng rơi khỏi đám mây thành mưa.

Hiện tại đơn chủ động + so
8

Cuối cùng, nước mưa chảy (goes) vào sông, hồ và biển.

Hiện tại đơn chủ động

Band 5.5 – 8 sentences

1

Trước tiên, mặt trời làm nóng nước ở biển, hồ và sông (rivers).

Hiện tại đơn chủ động
2

Tiếp theo, nước bốc hơi và biến thành (turns into) hơi nước.

Hiện tại đơn chủ động
3

Sau đó, hơi nước bay lên bầu trời, và nó trở nên lạnh hơn khi (as) lên cao hơn.

Hiện tại đơn chủ động + as
4

Tiếp theo, hơi nước nguội ngưng tụ (condenses) quanh các hạt bụi nhỏ và tạo thành những giọt nước rất nhỏ.

Hiện tại đơn chủ động
5

Ở giai đoạn thứ hai, hàng triệu giọt nước này tập hợp (gather) lại và tạo thành một đám mây.

Hiện tại đơn chủ động
6

Bên trong đám mây, các giọt nước va vào nhau và kết hợp lại, vì vậy chúng trở nên lớn hơn (larger).

Hiện tại đơn chủ động + so
7

Khi (When) các giọt nước trở nên quá nặng, chúng rơi xuống mặt đất thành mưa.

When + Hiện tại đơn chủ động
8

Cuối cùng, nước mưa chảy (flows) vào sông, hồ và biển.

Hiện tại đơn chủ động

Band 6.5 – 8 sentences

1

Quá trình bắt đầu khi mặt trời làm nóng nước bề mặt (surface water) ở biển, hồ và sông.

Hiện tại đơn chủ động + when
2

Kết quả là, nước bốc hơi, chuyển (changing) từ thể lỏng thành hơi nước.

Hiện tại đơn chủ động + cụm phân từ
3

Tiếp sau đó, hơi nước bốc lên khí quyển (atmosphere), nơi nó nguội dần.

Hiện tại đơn chủ động + where
4

Khi đã nguội, hơi nước ngưng tụ quanh các hạt bụi nhỏ, tạo thành (forming) những giọt nước li ti.

Once + hiện tại hoàn thành + cụm phân từ
5

Chuyển sang giai đoạn thứ hai, hàng triệu giọt nước này tụ lại để hình thành (to form) một đám mây.

Hiện tại đơn chủ động + to V
6

Bên trong đám mây, các giọt nước va chạm (collide) và kết hợp lại, kết quả là chúng lớn dần.

Hiện tại đơn chủ động + as a result
7

Khi các giọt nước trở nên quá nặng để ở lại trong không khí, chúng rơi xuống đất thành mưa (as rain).

When + too … to V
8

Ở giai đoạn cuối, nước mưa chảy vào sông, hồ và biển (seas).

Hiện tại đơn chủ động

Band 7.5 – 8 sentences

1

Quá trình được khởi đầu (is initiated) bởi việc mặt trời làm nóng nước bề mặt ở biển, hồ và sông.

Bị động + by + N + V-ing
2

Điều này khiến nước bốc hơi, chuyển nó từ thể lỏng thành một chất khí được gọi là (known as) hơi nước.

cause + O + to V + cụm phân từ
3

Khi hơi nước bốc lên khí quyển, nó nguội dần đều khi độ cao (altitude) tăng lên.

As + Hiện tại đơn chủ động
4

Sau khi đã nguội đủ (sufficiently), hơi nước ngưng tụ quanh các hạt bụi cực nhỏ, tạo ra những giọt nước li ti.

Having V3 + Hiện tại đơn + cụm phân từ
5

Chuyển sang giai đoạn thứ hai, hàng triệu giọt nước này kết tụ lại, dẫn đến (resulting in) sự hình thành một đám mây.

Hiện tại đơn chủ động + resulting in + N
6

Bên trong đám mây, các giọt nước va chạm và hợp nhất (merge), dần dần tăng kích thước.

Hiện tại đơn chủ động + cụm phân từ
7

Một khi trở nên quá nặng để lơ lửng (airborne) trong không khí, các giọt nước rơi xuống đất thành mưa.

Once + too … to V + Hiện tại đơn
8

Cuối cùng, nước mưa này tích tụ (collects) trong sông, hồ và biển.

Hiện tại đơn chủ động

6Linker Practice

Part A: drag (or tap) the linkers into the gaps. Part B: translate using the linker in ( ).

Part A – Band 4.5 linkers (8 sentences)

Computer: drag a linker into a gap. Phone: tap a linker, then tap a gap. Tap a filled gap to empty it.

  1. , the sun heats the water in seas.
  2. The water evaporates becomes water vapour.
  3. The water vapour goes up the sky.
  4. The vapour changes into tiny drops small pieces of dust.
  5. the second part, the drops make a cloud.
  6. The drops join together, they get bigger.
  7. The drops fall the cloud as rain.
  8. , the rainwater goes into rivers.

Part B – Translate with Band 4.5 linkers (5 sentences)

Use the linker in ( ) and follow the Tense note.

1

Đầu tiên (First), mặt trời làm nóng nước ở biển.

Hiện tại đơn chủ động
First, the sun heats the water in the sea.
2

Tiếp theo (Next), nước bốc hơi.

Hiện tại đơn chủ động
Next, the water evaporates.
3

Sau đó (Then), hơi nước bay lên bầu trời.

Hiện tại đơn chủ động
Then, the water vapour goes up into the sky.
4

Các giọt nước quá nặng, vì vậy (so) chúng rơi xuống.

Hiện tại đơn chủ động + so
The drops are too heavy, so they fall.
5

Cuối cùng (Finally), nước mưa chảy vào sông.

Hiện tại đơn chủ động
Finally, the rainwater goes into rivers.

Part A – Band 5.5 linkers (8 sentences)

Computer: drag a linker into a gap. Phone: tap a linker, then tap a gap. Tap a filled gap to empty it.

  1. , the sun heats the water.
  2. The water evaporates and turns water vapour.
  3. It becomes cooler it goes higher.
  4. The vapour condenses tiny pieces of dust.
  5. Millions of droplets gather together form a cloud.
  6. the cloud, the droplets join together.
  7. the drops become too heavy, they fall.
  8. , the rainwater flows into rivers.

Part B – Translate with Band 5.5 linkers (5 sentences)

Use the linker in ( ) and follow the Tense note.

1

Trước tiên (To begin with), mặt trời làm nóng nước.

Hiện tại đơn chủ động
To begin with, the sun heats the water.
2

Hơi nước lạnh hơn khi (as) lên cao hơn.

Hiện tại đơn chủ động + as
The vapour becomes cooler as it goes higher.
3

Ở giai đoạn thứ hai (In the second stage), các giọt nước tạo thành mây.

Hiện tại đơn chủ động
In the second stage, the droplets form a cloud.
4

Bên trong (Inside) đám mây, các giọt nước kết hợp lại.

Hiện tại đơn chủ động
Inside the cloud, the droplets join together.
5

Khi (When) các giọt nước quá nặng, chúng rơi xuống.

When + Hiện tại đơn
When the drops become too heavy, they fall.

Part A – Band 6.5 linkers (8 sentences)

Computer: drag a linker into a gap. Phone: tap a linker, then tap a gap. Tap a filled gap to empty it.

  1. The process begins the sun heats surface water.
  2. The water evaporates, from a liquid into water vapour.
  3. The vapour rises into the atmosphere, it gradually cools.
  4. it has cooled, the vapour condenses.
  5. The vapour condenses, minute water droplets.
  6. The droplets collide and join together, and as a they grow larger.
  7. The drops become too heavy stay in the air.
  8. , the rainwater flows into rivers, lakes and seas.

Part B – Translate with Band 6.5 linkers (5 sentences)

Use the linker in ( ) and follow the Tense note.

1

Quá trình bắt đầu khi (when) mặt trời làm nóng nước bề mặt.

Hiện tại đơn chủ động + when
The process begins when the sun heats surface water.
2

Hơi nước bốc lên khí quyển, nơi (where) nó nguội dần.

Hiện tại đơn chủ động + where
The vapour rises into the atmosphere, where it gradually cools.
3

Khi đã (Once) nguội, hơi nước ngưng tụ.

Once + hiện tại hoàn thành
Once it has cooled, the vapour condenses.
4

Chuyển sang (Turning to) giai đoạn thứ hai, các giọt nước tạo thành mây.

Hiện tại đơn chủ động
Turning to the second phase, the droplets form a cloud.
5

Các giọt nước quá nặng để (too heavy to) ở lại trong không khí.

too + adj + to V
The drops are too heavy to stay in the air.

Part A – Band 7.5 linkers (8 sentences)

Computer: drag a linker into a gap. Phone: tap a linker, then tap a gap. Tap a filled gap to empty it.

  1. The process is by the sun heating surface water.
  2. This causes the water evaporate.
  3. It cools steadily with increasing .
  4. cooled sufficiently, the vapour condenses.
  5. The vapour condenses around dust particles.
  6. The droplets cluster together, resulting the formation of a cloud.
  7. The droplets collide and , increasing in size.
  8. They become too heavy to remain .

Part B – Translate with Band 7.5 linkers (5 sentences)

Use the linker in ( ) and follow the Tense note.

1

Quá trình được khởi đầu (is initiated) bởi mặt trời làm nóng nước bề mặt.

Bị động + by + N + V-ing
The process is initiated by the sun heating surface water.
2

Điều này khiến (causes) nước bốc hơi.

cause + O + to V
This causes the water to evaporate.
3

Sau khi đã nguội đủ (Having cooled), hơi nước ngưng tụ.

Having V3 + Hiện tại đơn
Having cooled sufficiently, the vapour condenses.
4

Các giọt nước kết tụ, dẫn đến (resulting in) sự hình thành mây.

Hiện tại đơn + resulting in
The droplets cluster together, resulting in the formation of a cloud.
5

Một khi (Once) trở nên quá nặng, các giọt nước rơi xuống thành mưa.

Once + Hiện tại đơn
Once they become too heavy, the drops fall as rain.

7Introduction – Paraphrasing the Task

Paraphrase the task sentence. The column of your band is highlighted.

Task wordsBand 4.5Band 5.5Band 6.5Band 7.5
The diagram below showsThe diagram showsThe diagram illustratesThe diagram illustratesThe given diagram depicts
how rain formshow rain is formedthe process of rain formationthe stages in the formation of rainthe sequence of natural stages that lead to rainfall
from the heating of surface waterbeginning with the heating of surface water by the sun
to the collection of rainwater in rivers and seasand ending with the collection of rainwater in rivers and seas
Tip: “rain forms” (active) and “rain is formed” (passive) are both correct. At 7.5, “rainfall” is a good noun to avoid repeating “rain”.
Sample Introduction – Band 4.5

The diagram shows how rain is formed.

Band 4.5: changes the active “rain forms” into the passive “rain is formed” – simple and correct.

Sample Introduction – Band 5.5

The diagram illustrates the process of rain formation, from the heating of water to rainfall.

Band 5.5: a common reporting verb (illustrates) and a noun phrase (the process of rain formation).

Sample Introduction – Band 6.5

The diagram illustrates the stages in the formation of rain, from the heating of surface water to the collection of rainwater in rivers and seas.

Band 6.5: nominalisation (the formation of, the heating of, the collection of) gives an accurate, academic paraphrase.

Sample Introduction – Band 7.5

The given diagram depicts the sequence of natural stages that lead to rainfall, beginning with the heating of surface water by the sun and ending with the collection of rainwater in rivers and seas.

Band 7.5: precise verb (depicts), a relative clause inside the noun phrase (stages that lead to rainfall) and a balanced “beginning with … and ending with …”.

Template for students

The diagram shows / illustrates / depicts how rain is formed / the formation of rain, from the heating of surface water to the collection of rainwater in rivers and seas.

8Overview

An overview gives the number of stages and the start and end; higher bands add the two main phases in more precise language. No details (no “dust particles”, “millions of droplets” or names of seas and rivers).

Band 4.5 formula

Overall, there are number steps in this process. It starts with V-ing / N and finishes with V-ing / N.
Example – Band 4.5

Overall, there are eight steps in this process. It starts with the sun heating water and finishes with rain going into rivers, lakes and seas.

Why Band 4.5: Two short simple sentences, basic words (steps, starts, finishes), no phases.

Band 5.5 formula

Overall, there are number stages in the process. The first number stages happen place / phase A, and the last number happen place / phase B. The process begins with V-ing and ends with the + N of + N.
Example – Band 5.5

Overall, there are eight stages in the process. In the first four stages, water goes up into the air and changes into small droplets, and in the last four stages, clouds form and rain falls. The water changes from a liquid into a gas and then back into a liquid.

Why Band 5.5: Names the two parts in simple words; begins with … ends with …; no numbers or details.

Band 6.5 formula

Overall, there are number stages in the process, which can be divided into two main phases: A and B. The process begins with the + N of + N and ends with the + N of + N.
Example – Band 6.5

Overall, the process consists of eight stages, which can be divided into two main phases: water rising into the air and the formation of clouds and rain. During the process, water changes from a liquid into a gas and back into a liquid again.

Why Band 6.5: A which-clause divides the stages into two phases; nominal phrases (the harvesting of, the production of).

Band 7.5 formula

Overall, the process comprises number + distinct stages, which fall into two main phases – A and B – commencing with the + N of + N and culminating in the + N of + N.
Example – Band 7.5

Overall, rain formation involves eight distinct stages, which fall into two main phases – the movement of water into the atmosphere and the subsequent formation of clouds and rain – with water changing from a liquid into a gas and ultimately back into a liquid.

Why Band 7.5: comprises · distinct · fall into · dashes for the phases · commencing with … culminating in … in ONE sentence.

9Writing Practice

Essay plan: Introduction → Overview → Body 1: Stages 1–4 (Water rises into the air) → Body 2: Stages 5–8 (Clouds and rain). Your writing is saved on this device.

Exercise 1 – Match the paraphrase

Choose the best synonym for each word from the task.

  1. shows →
  2. forms →
  3. rain →
  4. rises →
  5. tiny →

Exercise 2 – Choose the best Overview

Which sentence is a good overview?

Why? A gives details (dust particles, millions of droplets) – these belong in the Body. B is an opinion that is not in the diagram. C gives the number of stages, the start and the end.

Exercise 3 – Complete Body 1 (Band 4.5)

Type ONE word in each gap. Look at the diagram for the details.

First, the sun the water in seas, lakes and rivers. Next, the water and becomes water vapour. Then, the water vapour goes up into the sky and gets . After that, the cold vapour changes into tiny of water around small pieces of dust.

Exercise 4 – Put Body 2 in order (Band 4.5)

Choose 1–5 for each sentence.

Next, the small drops hit each other and join together, so they get bigger.
In the second part, millions of these drops come together and make a cloud.
In this way, the water goes back to the place where it started.
After that, the drops are too heavy, so they fall from the cloud as rain.
Finally, the rainwater goes into rivers, lakes and seas.

Exercise 3 – Complete Body 1 (Band 5.5)

Type ONE word in each gap. Look at the diagram for the details.

To begin with, the sun heats the water in seas, lakes and rivers. Next, the water evaporates and into water vapour. After that, the water vapour into the sky, and it becomes cooler it goes higher. Next, the cool vapour around tiny pieces of dust and forms very small water droplets.

Exercise 4 – Put Body 2 in order (Band 5.5)

Choose 1–4 for each sentence.

When the drops become too heavy, they fall to the ground as rain.
Inside the cloud, the droplets hit each other and join together, so they become larger.
In the second stage, millions of these droplets gather together and form a cloud.
Finally, the rainwater flows into rivers, lakes and seas.

Exercise 3 – Complete Body 1 (Band 6.5)

Type ONE word in each gap. Look at the diagram for the details.

The process begins when the sun heats water in seas, lakes and rivers. As a result, the water , changing from a liquid into water vapour. Following this, the vapour rises into the , where it gradually cools. Once it has cooled, the vapour condenses around tiny dust , forming minute water droplets.

Exercise 4 – Put Body 2 in order (Band 6.5)

Choose 1–4 for each sentence.

Turning to the second phase, millions of these droplets gather together to form a cloud.
In the final stage, the rainwater flows into rivers, lakes and seas.
Inside the cloud, the droplets collide and join together, and as a result they grow larger.
When the drops become too heavy to stay in the air, they fall to the ground as rain.

Exercise 3 – Complete Body 1 (Band 7.5)

Type ONE word in each gap. Look at the diagram for the details.

The process is by the sun heating surface water in seas, lakes and rivers. This causes the water to evaporate, it from a liquid into a gas known as water vapour. As this vapour rises into the atmosphere, it cools steadily with increasing . Having cooled sufficiently, the vapour condenses around dust particles, producing minute water droplets.

Exercise 4 – Put Body 2 in order (Band 7.5)

Choose 1–4 for each sentence.

Turning to the second phase, millions of these droplets cluster together, resulting in the formation of a cloud.
Finally, this rainwater collects in rivers, lakes and seas.
Within the cloud, the droplets collide and merge, gradually increasing in size.
Once they become too heavy to remain airborne, the drops fall to the ground as rain.

Write your essay – paragraph by paragraph

Use the Band 6.5 formulas, linkers and samples from Steps 3–8. Check the Band Standard on the left before you write.

Exercise 5 – Introduction

One sentence. Paraphrase the task (Step 7).

Words: 0 (about 20–30 words)

Exercise 6 – Overview

Use the formula for your band (Step 8).

Words: 0 (about 25–45 words)

Exercise 7 – Body 1 (Stages 1–4)

Write the stages in order with a different linker for each.

Words: 0 (about 55–75 words)

Exercise 8 – Body 2 (Stages 5–8)

Start with a phase change (In the factory / Turning to …).

Words: 0 (about 50–70 words)

Exercise 9 – Your full essay

Press “Collect my paragraphs”, then edit them into one essay and compare with the model.

Words: 0 (minimum 150)

Model Answer 6.5

Write your own essay first, then compare. Highlighted = key collocations to learn.

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