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IELTS Writing Task 1 – Process Practice

28 lessons · each lesson has Bands 4.5 · 5.5 · 6.5 · 7.5. Choose a test to start; answers open with the passwords from your teacher.

➜ Bộ 1: 10 đề Process (Band 6.0 · 7.0)

The carbon cyclePhase 1: Carbon taken in by living things (stages 1–3)Phase 2: Carbon in the ground and back to the air (stages 4–6)1Photosynthesis*+ CO₂ from the air+ sunlight2Feeding↗ carbon → animals3Respiration**↗ CO₂ back to the air4Decomposition+ dead plants and animals5Fossil fuels formmillions of years↗ coal, oil, gas6Burning fuels+ factories, cars↗ CO₂ back to the air → stage 1Carbon dioxide (CO₂)in the air*photosynthesis: plants use sunlight and CO₂ to make food. **respiration: living things use food for energy and breathe out CO₂.

Test 1. The Carbon Cycle

Natural processBands 4.5 · 5.5 · 6.5 · 7.56 stages
The life cycle of a chickenPhase 1: Inside the egg (stages 1–3)Phase 2: Growing up after hatching (stages 4–6)1Hen lays an egg2Incubationabout 21 days3Hatching4Chick covered indown*5Young chickenabout 6 weeks6Adult hen layseggsabout 5 months↗ new eggsLife cycle of achicken*down: soft, fluffy feathers on a young chick. Times are approximate.

Test 2. The Life Cycle of a Chicken

Natural processBands 4.5 · 5.5 · 6.5 · 7.56 stages
The life cycle of a frogPhase 1: Early life in the water (stages 1–3)Phase 2: Change into an adult frog (stages 4–6)1Frogspawn* inwater2Tadpole hatchesafter about 2 weeks3Back legs growabout 6–9 weeks4Froglet**about 12 weeks5Adult frog on land2–3 years to mature6Adult returns tolay eggs↗ new frogspawnLife cycle of a frog*frogspawn: a mass of frog eggs in jelly. **froglet: a young frog that still has a short tail. Times are approximate.

Test 3. The Life Cycle of a Frog

Natural processBands 4.5 · 5.5 · 6.5 · 7.56 stages
The life cycle of a worker honeybeePhase 1: Development inside the cell (stages 1–5)Phase 2: Adult life (stages 6–8)1Egg laying2Hatchingabout 3 days3Fed by nurse beesabout 6 days+ royal jelly+ pollen + honey4Cell capped byworkers+ wax5Pupationabout 12 days6Emergingday 217Working in thehiveabout 3 weeks+ cleans cells+ feeds larvae8Foraging*↗ nectar + pollen to the hive*forager: a bee that collects nectar and pollen outside the hive. Times are approximate.

Test 4. The Life Cycle of a Worker Honeybee

Natural processBands 4.5 · 5.5 · 6.5 · 7.58 stages
The life cycle of a ladybirdPhase 1: Early development (stages 1–4)Phase 2: Adult ladybird (stages 5–6)1Eggs on a leaf+ near aphids*2Hatchingabout 4 days3Larva feedingabout 3 weeks+ eats aphids+ moults** 4 times4Pupaabout 1 week5Young adult+ pale, no spots6Adult ladybird+ eats aphids↗ lays eggs → stage 1Life cycle of aladybird*aphids: tiny insects that feed on plants. **moult: shed its skin. Times are approximate.

Test 5. The Life Cycle of a Ladybird

Natural processBands 4.5 · 5.5 · 6.5 · 7.56 stages
How rain formsPhase 1: Water rises into the air (stages 1–4)Phase 2: Clouds and rain (stages 5–8)1Heating+ seas, lakes, rivers2Evaporation↗ water vapour3Rising and cooling4Condensation*+ tiny dust particles↗ tiny droplets5Cloud formation+ millions of droplets6Droplets join↗ larger drops7Rainfalldrops too heavy8Collecting↗ rivers, lakes, seas*condense: change from a gas into a liquid.

Test 6. How Rain Forms

Natural processBands 4.5 · 5.5 · 6.5 · 7.58 stages
The rock cyclePhase 1: At or near the surface (stages 1–3)Phase 2: Deep underground and back to the surface (stages 4–7)1Weathering anderosion+ wind, rain, ice2Sediment* laid inlayers3Sedimentary rockmillions of years4Metamorphic rock+ heat+ pressure5Melting intomagma**6Igneous rock7Uplift to thesurface+ Earth movementsThe rock cycle*sediment: small pieces of rock, sand and mud. **magma: hot liquid rock under the ground. Simplified diagram – times are approximate.

Test 7. The Rock Cycle

Natural processBands 4.5 · 5.5 · 6.5 · 7.57 stages
The life cycle of the silkwormPhase 1: Egg and feeding silkworm (stages 1–2)Phase 2: Cocoon and adult moth (stages 3–5)1Eggs on mulberryleaveshatch in about 10 days2Silkworm (larva)feeds4–6 weeks+ mulberry leaves3Spinning a cocoon*3–4 days↗ silk thread4Pupa inside thecocoonabout 2 weeks5Moth emerges andlays eggs↗ new eggsLife cycle of thesilkworm*cocoon: a case of silk thread that the silkworm spins around itself. Times are approximate.

Test 8. The Life Cycle of the Silkworm

Natural processBands 4.5 · 5.5 · 6.5 · 7.55 stages
How soil is formedPhase 1: Breaking down the rock (stages 1–3)Phase 2: Living things build the soil (stages 4–8)1Bare rock2Weathering*+ rain, ice, heat3Small pieces↗ stones and sand4Lichens and mosses5Humus** forms+ dead plants rot↗ humus6Larger plants↗ roots break rock7Animals mix thesoil+ worms, insects8Soil layers↗ topsoil, subsoil, rock*weathering: the breaking down of rock by rain, ice and heat. **humus: dark material made from dead plants. The whole process takes thousands of years.

Test 9. How Soil Is Formed

Natural processBands 4.5 · 5.5 · 6.5 · 7.58 stages
Recycling aluminium cansPhase 1: Collecting and preparing the cans (stages 1–3)Phase 2: Remaking the metal into new cans (stages 4–7)1Collecting usedcans2Shredding↗ small pieces3Removing thecoatingabout 500°C↗ paint, plastic coating4Melting in afurnaceabout 750°C5Casting ingots*6Rolling intosheets↗ thin aluminium sheets7New cans to shops↗ new cansAluminium canrecycling*ingot: a large solid block of metal. Temperatures are illustrative.

Test 10. How Aluminium Cans Are Recycled

Man-made processBands 4.5 · 5.5 · 6.5 · 7.57 stages
Producing biogas from organic wastePhase 1: Preparing and digesting the waste (stages 1–4)Phase 2: Collecting and using the products (stages 5–8)1Collecting waste+ animal manure+ food and crop waste2Mixing+ water3Digester*sealed, no air4Bacteria breakdown waste35°C, about 30 days5Gas collects↗ biogas (mainly methane)6Storing gaspiped to a tank7Using the gas↗ cooking, heating, electricity8Slurry** → fields↗ fertiliser*digester: a large sealed tank with no air inside. **slurry: the wet waste left after digestion. Times and temperatures are illustrative.

Test 11. How Biogas Is Produced

Man-made processBands 4.5 · 5.5 · 6.5 · 7.58 stages
How bread is madePhase 1: From wheat to dough (stages 1–4)Phase 2: From dough to bread (stages 5–8)1Harvesting wheat2Milling↗ flour3Mixing+ water, yeast, salt↗ dough4Kneading*10 minutes5Proving**1 hour, warm place6Shaping+ tins7Baking220°C, 30 minutes8Cooling andpacking↗ sliced, packed loaves*knead: press and fold the dough many times. **prove: leave the dough to rise. Times and temperatures are illustrative.

Test 12. How Bread Is Made

Man-made processBands 4.5 · 5.5 · 6.5 · 7.58 stages
Producing canned fishPhase 1: Catching and preparing the fish (stages 1–4)Phase 2: Cooking, canning and distribution (stages 5–8)1Catching+ fishing boats, nets2Storing on iceon the boat3Washingat the factory4Cutting↗ heads and tails → fishmeal*5Cookingsteamed, 1 hour6Filling andsealing+ oil, salt7Sterilising**115°C8Labelling anddelivery↗ to shops*fishmeal: dried, ground fish waste used as animal food. **sterilise: heat to kill bacteria. Temperatures and times are illustrative.

Test 13. How Fish Is Canned

Man-made processBands 4.5 · 5.5 · 6.5 · 7.58 stages
Making cement and concretePhase 1: Making cement (stages 1–5)Phase 2: Making and using concrete (stages 6–8)1Crushing limestoneand clay+ limestone+ clay2Mixing3Rotating heater*about 1,450°C4Grinding intocement↗ cement powder5Packing cement inbags6Adding sand,gravel**, water+ sand+ gravel+ water7Concrete mixer↗ concrete8To building sites*rotating heater: a long, turning oven that heats the powder. **gravel: small stones. Temperatures are illustrative.

Test 14. How Cement and Concrete Are Made

Man-made processBands 4.5 · 5.5 · 6.5 · 7.58 stages
The process of making cheesePhase 1: Turning milk into curds (stages 1–4)Phase 2: Turning curds into cheese (stages 5–8)1Collecting milk2Pasteurising*72°C for 15 seconds3Adding culturesand rennet**+ cultures+ rennet4Curds form30–60 minutes↗ curds5Draining the whey↗ whey6Pressing intomoulds7Ripening in astore2–12 months8Sold in shops↗ finished cheese*pasteurising: heating milk to kill harmful bacteria. **rennet: a substance that makes milk set into curds. Times and temperatures are illustrative.

Test 15. How Cheese Is Made

Man-made processBands 4.5 · 5.5 · 6.5 · 7.58 stages
How chipboard is madePhase 1: Preparing the wood (stages 1–5)Phase 2: Making chipboard (stages 6–9)1Cutting down treesforest2Trimming↗ logs3Chipping↗ wood chips4Dryinghot air, 24 hours↗ steam5Storing1–4 weeks+ large containers6Mixing+ glue, wax7Shaping8Pressing↗ chipboard*9Making furniture↗ tables, chairs*chipboard: a material made from small pieces of wood pressed together with glue. Times are illustrative.

Test 16. How Chipboard Is Made

Man-made processBands 4.5 · 5.5 · 6.5 · 7.59 stages
The production of chocolatePhase 1: On the cocoa farm (stages 1–4)Phase 2: In the chocolate factory (stages 5–8)1Harvesting cocoapods2Fermenting inboxes5–7 days3Drying in the sunabout 1 week4Packing andtransport5Roasting120–150°C6Removing theshells↗ shells↗ cocoa nibs*7Grinding intopaste↗ cocoa liquor**8Mixing+ sugar+ milk↗ liquid chocolate*cocoa nibs: the inner part of a cocoa bean. **cocoa liquor: a thick paste of ground nibs (it contains no alcohol). Times and temperatures are illustrative.

Test 17. How Chocolate Is Produced

Man-made processBands 4.5 · 5.5 · 6.5 · 7.58 stages
From cotton field to T-shirtPhase 1: From plant to yarn (stages 1–4)Phase 2: From yarn to T-shirt (stages 5–8)1Growing andpickingby machine2Ginning*↗ seeds removed3Transport+ pressed into bales↗ to the mill4Spinning↗ yarn**5Making fabricknitted or woven↗ cotton fabric6Dyeing+ dye7Cutting and sewing↗ T-shirts8Packing and sale↗ to shops*ginning: separating cotton fibres from the seeds. **yarn: long, thin thread used to make cloth.

Test 18. How a Cotton T-shirt Is Made

Man-made processBands 4.5 · 5.5 · 6.5 · 7.58 stages
From beehive to jar: producing honeyPhase 1: Taking honey from the hive (stages 1–4)Phase 2: Cleaning and packaging (stages 5–8)1Bees make honey↗ cells sealed with wax2Removing frames*+ smoke calms the bees3Uncapping+ hot knife↗ wax → candles4Extracting(centrifuge**)↗ honey5Filtering↗ bits of wax removed6Settling2 days↗ air bubbles rise7Bottling8Labelling and sale↗ labelled jars → shops*frame: a wooden frame in the hive on which bees build honeycomb. **centrifuge: a machine that spins very fast. Times are illustrative.

Test 19. How Honey Is Produced and Packaged

Man-made processBands 4.5 · 5.5 · 6.5 · 7.58 stages
Processing milk: from farm to shopPhase 1: On the farm and transport (stages 1–3)Phase 2: At the factory and delivery (stages 4–8)1Milkingby machine2Cooling andstoring4°CMILK3Transport↗ to the factory4Testing↗ quality checked5Pasteurising*72°C, 15 seconds6Coolingquickly7Packing↗ cartons / bottles8Delivery to shopsrefrigerated lorries*pasteurise: heat milk to kill harmful bacteria. Temperatures and times are illustrative.

Test 20. How Milk Is Processed

Man-made processBands 4.5 · 5.5 · 6.5 · 7.58 stages
How olive oil is producedPhase 1: Preparing the olives (stages 1–4)Phase 2: Extracting and bottling the oil (stages 5–8)1Harvesting+ trees shaken, nets2Washing↗ leaves removed3Crushing↗ olive paste*4Mixing30–40 minutes5Separating↗ oil↗ water + pomace** (waste)6Storingtanks↗ solids settle7Bottling8Delivery↗ shops*paste: a soft, thick mixture. **pomace: the solid waste left after the oil is removed. Times are illustrative.

Test 21. How Olive Oil Is Produced

Man-made processBands 4.5 · 5.5 · 6.5 · 7.58 stages
How orange juice is producedPhase 1: Making juice and concentrate (stages 1–5)Phase 2: Shipping and packing (stages 6–8)1Picking2Washing3Squeezing↗ juice↗ peel → animal food4Filtering↗ pulp* removed5Evaporatingheated, water removed↗ concentrate**6Freezing andshippingshipped abroad+7Adding waterafter arrival+ water8Packing↗ cartons of juice*pulp: the soft flesh of the fruit. **concentrate: thick juice with most of the water removed.

Test 22. How Orange Juice Is Produced

Man-made processBands 4.5 · 5.5 · 6.5 · 7.58 stages
Recycling paperPhase 1: Collecting and preparing the paper (stages 1–4)Phase 2: Cleaning, remaking and selling (stages 5–8)1Collecting usedpaper2Sorting by type3Pulping*about 20 minutes+ water4Screening↗ staples, plastic5De-inking↗ ink6Rolling and drying7New paper rolls↗ new paper products8Sold in shops↗ back to the binsPaper recycling*pulp: a soft, wet mixture of paper fibres and water. Times are illustrative.

Test 23. How Paper Is Recycled

Man-made processBands 4.5 · 5.5 · 6.5 · 7.58 stages
Recycling plastic bottlesPhase 1: Collecting and cleaning the plastic (stages 1–4)Phase 2: Remaking the plastic (stages 5–7)1Collecting usedbottles2Sorting by typeand colour3Shredding intoflakes*↗ plastic flakes4Washing the flakes+ water↗ labels, dirt5Meltingabout 260°C6Making pellets**↗ plastic pellets7New bottles andproducts↗ new bottles, other productsPlastic bottlerecycling*flakes: small, flat pieces of shredded plastic. **pellets: small round pieces of plastic used to make new products. Temperatures are illustrative.

Test 24. How Plastic Bottles Are Recycled

Man-made processBands 4.5 · 5.5 · 6.5 · 7.57 stages
Rainwater harvesting for the homePhase 1: Collecting and cleaning (stages 1–4)Phase 2: Storing, treating and using (stages 5–8)1Rain on the roof2Gutters*↗ into a pipe3First flush**↗ first dirty water removed4Filtering↗ leaves and dirt removed5Storage tankunderground6Pumpingup to the house7Treatment+ fine filter + UV light***8Use in the home↗ drinking, washing↗ toilets, garden*gutter: a channel along the edge of a roof. **first-flush diverter: a device that sends away the first, dirtiest water. ***UV light: light that kills bacteria.

Test 25. How Rainwater Is Collected for Use in the Home

Man-made processBands 4.5 · 5.5 · 6.5 · 7.58 stages
A solar hot-water systemPhase 1: Heating the water (stages 1–3)Phase 2: Storing, using and returning the water (stages 4–6)1Sunlight on thepanel2Water heated inthe panelabout 60°C3Hot water rises tothe tank4Insulated* storagetank+ cold water supply5Hot water to tapsand showers↗ hot water for the house6Cooler waterreturns to thepanelSolar hot-water system*insulated: covered so that heat cannot escape. Temperatures are illustrative.

Test 26. How a Solar Hot-Water System Works

Man-made processBands 4.5 · 5.5 · 6.5 · 7.56 stages
Making sugar from sugar canePhase 1: Growing and extracting juice (stages 1–4)Phase 2: Turning juice into sugar (stages 5–8)1Growing12–18 months2Harvestingby hand or by machine3Crushing↗ cane juice4Purifying+ limestone filter5Evaporatingheated in an evaporator↗ syrup6Centrifuge*↗ sugar crystals7Drying and coolingSUGAR8Packing↗ bags of sugar*centrifuge: a machine that spins very fast to separate solids from liquids. Times are illustrative.

Test 27. How Sugar Is Made from Sugar Cane

Man-made processBands 4.5 · 5.5 · 6.5 · 7.58 stages
How black tea is producedPhase 1: Preparing the leaves (stages 1–4)Phase 2: Finishing and distribution (stages 5–8)1Pickingby hand+ two leaves and a bud2Withering12–18 hours↗ less moisture3Rollingby machineO₂4Oxidising*1–3 hours↗ green → brown5Dryinghot air, 120°C6Grading+ sievesTEA7Packing↗ boxes / tea bags8Transport↗ shops (for sale)*oxidise: react with oxygen in the air. Times and temperatures are illustrative.

Test 28. How Black Tea Is Produced

Man-made processBands 4.5 · 5.5 · 6.5 · 7.58 stages